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A Single-Entity Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis
[Image: see text] Lack of controls and understanding in nucleation, which proceeds crystal growth and other phase transitions, has been a bottleneck challenge in chemistry, materials, biology, and other fields. The exemplary needs for better methods for biomacromolecule crystallization include (1) s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37243709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00175 |
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author | Yang, Ruoyu Kvetny, Maksim Brown, Warren Ogbonna, Edwin N. Wang, Gangli |
author_facet | Yang, Ruoyu Kvetny, Maksim Brown, Warren Ogbonna, Edwin N. Wang, Gangli |
author_sort | Yang, Ruoyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Lack of controls and understanding in nucleation, which proceeds crystal growth and other phase transitions, has been a bottleneck challenge in chemistry, materials, biology, and other fields. The exemplary needs for better methods for biomacromolecule crystallization include (1) synthesizing crystals for high-resolution structure determinations in fundamental research and (2) tuning the crystal habit and thus the corresponding properties in materials and pharmaceutical applications. Herein, a deterministic method is established capable of sustaining the nucleation and growth of a single crystal using the protein lysozyme as a prototype. The supersaturation is localized at the interface between a sample and a precipitant solution, spatially confined by the tip of a single nanopipette. The exchange of matter between the two solutions determines the supersaturation, which is controlled by electrokinetic ion transport driven by an external potential waveform. Nucleation and subsequent crystal growth disrupt the ionic current limited by the nanotip and are detected. The nucleation and growth of individual single crystals are measured in real time. Electroanalytical and optical signatures are elucidated as feedbacks with which active controls in crystal quality and method consistency are achieved: five out of five crystals diffract at a true atomic resolution of up to 1.2 Å. As controls, those synthesized under less optimized conditions diffract poorly. The crystal habits during the growth process are tuned successfully by adjusting the flux. The universal mechanism of nano-transport kinetics, together with the correlations of the diffraction quality and crystal habit with the crystallization control parameters, lay the foundation for the generalization to other materials systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10308327 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103083272023-06-30 A Single-Entity Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis Yang, Ruoyu Kvetny, Maksim Brown, Warren Ogbonna, Edwin N. Wang, Gangli Anal Chem [Image: see text] Lack of controls and understanding in nucleation, which proceeds crystal growth and other phase transitions, has been a bottleneck challenge in chemistry, materials, biology, and other fields. The exemplary needs for better methods for biomacromolecule crystallization include (1) synthesizing crystals for high-resolution structure determinations in fundamental research and (2) tuning the crystal habit and thus the corresponding properties in materials and pharmaceutical applications. Herein, a deterministic method is established capable of sustaining the nucleation and growth of a single crystal using the protein lysozyme as a prototype. The supersaturation is localized at the interface between a sample and a precipitant solution, spatially confined by the tip of a single nanopipette. The exchange of matter between the two solutions determines the supersaturation, which is controlled by electrokinetic ion transport driven by an external potential waveform. Nucleation and subsequent crystal growth disrupt the ionic current limited by the nanotip and are detected. The nucleation and growth of individual single crystals are measured in real time. Electroanalytical and optical signatures are elucidated as feedbacks with which active controls in crystal quality and method consistency are achieved: five out of five crystals diffract at a true atomic resolution of up to 1.2 Å. As controls, those synthesized under less optimized conditions diffract poorly. The crystal habits during the growth process are tuned successfully by adjusting the flux. The universal mechanism of nano-transport kinetics, together with the correlations of the diffraction quality and crystal habit with the crystallization control parameters, lay the foundation for the generalization to other materials systems. American Chemical Society 2023-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10308327/ /pubmed/37243709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00175 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Yang, Ruoyu Kvetny, Maksim Brown, Warren Ogbonna, Edwin N. Wang, Gangli A Single-Entity Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title | A Single-Entity
Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation
and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title_full | A Single-Entity
Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation
and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title_fullStr | A Single-Entity
Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation
and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title_full_unstemmed | A Single-Entity
Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation
and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title_short | A Single-Entity
Method for Actively Controlled Nucleation
and High-Quality Protein Crystal Synthesis |
title_sort | single-entity
method for actively controlled nucleation
and high-quality protein crystal synthesis |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37243709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00175 |
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