Study on the Hydroconversion Law of Coal-Based Heavy Fractions with Different Catalyst Contents Based on an Improved Separation Method

[Image: see text] Heavy fractions (e.g., asphaltene and resin) can easily be subjected to physical aggregation and chemical coking reaction through molecular force in the process of lightweight processing and use of coal tar (CT), such that the normal processing and use can be affected. In this study, hydrogenation experiments were performed by regulating the catalyst to oil ratio (COR), while the heavy fractions of the hydrogenated products were extracted based on a novel separation method (e.g., the resin with a poor separation effect and rare existing research). The samples were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. On that basis, the composition and structure characteristics of heavy fractions and the law of hydrogenation conversion were investigated. As indicated by the results, with the rise of the COR, the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) contents indicated the law of increasing the content of saturate, decreasing the content of other fractions, as well as sharply decreasing the content of asphaltene. Moreover, with the increase of the reaction condition, the relative molecular weight, the content of the hydrogen bonded functional groups and C–O groups, the carbon skeleton properties, the number of aromatic rings, and the stacking structure parameters were progressively reduced. In comparison with resin, asphaltene was characterized by large aromaticity and more aromatic rings, short and less alkyl side chains, as well as more complex heteroatoms on the surface of the heavy fractions. The results achieved in this study are expected to lay a solid basis for the relevant theoretical research and facilitate the industrial use process of CT processing.