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SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: With the persisting low vaccination intake, particularly in children of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), seroepidemiological studies are urgently needed to guide and tailor COVID-19 pandemic response efforts in schools and to put mitigation strategies in place for a future post-p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37398668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163688 |
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author | Merid, Yared Tekleselasie, Wondwosen Tesfaye, Emnet Gadisa, Anteneh Fentahun, Dessalegn Abate, Alegntaw Alemu, Aynalem Mihret, Adane Mulu, Andargachew Gelanew, Tesfaye |
author_facet | Merid, Yared Tekleselasie, Wondwosen Tesfaye, Emnet Gadisa, Anteneh Fentahun, Dessalegn Abate, Alegntaw Alemu, Aynalem Mihret, Adane Mulu, Andargachew Gelanew, Tesfaye |
author_sort | Merid, Yared |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: With the persisting low vaccination intake, particularly in children of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), seroepidemiological studies are urgently needed to guide and tailor COVID-19 pandemic response efforts in schools and to put mitigation strategies in place for a future post-pandemic resurgence. However, there is limited data on SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced and vaccine-induced humoral immunity in schoolchildren in LMICs, including Ethiopia. METHODS: As the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) is the major target for neutralization antibodies and useful to predict the correlates of protection, we used an in-house anti-RBD IgG ELISA to assess and compare infection-induced antibody response at two-time points and BNT162b2 (BNT) vaccine-induced antibody response at a one-time point in schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia. In addition, we measured and compared the levels of binding IgA antibodies to spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants in a small subset of unvaccinated and BNT-vaccinated schoolchildren. RESULTS: When we compare SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced seroprevalences among unvaccinated school children (7-19 years) at the two blood sampling points with a 5-month interval, we observed an over 10% increase, from 51.8% (219/419) in the first week of December 2021 (post-Delta wave) to 67.4% (60/89) by the end of May 2022 (post-Omicron wave). Additionally, we found a significant correlation (p = 0.001) between anti-RBD IgG seropositivity and a history of having COVID-19-like symptoms. Compared to the levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced anti-RBD IgG antibodies before vaccination, higher levels of BNT vaccine-induced anti-RBD IgG antibodies were observed even in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve schoolchildren of all age groups (p = 0.0001). Importantly, one dose of the BNT vaccine was shown to be adequate to elicit a strong antibody response in schoolchildren with pre-existing anti-RBD IgG antibodies comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive schoolchildren receiving two doses of BNT vaccine, suggesting a single dose administration of the BNT vaccine could be considered for schoolchildren who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection when a shortage of vaccine supply is a limiting factor to administer two doses irrespective of their serostatus. Despite the small sample size of study participants, the BNT vaccine is shown to be immunogenic and safe for schoolchildren. Irrespective of schoolchildren’s vaccination status, we observed a similar pattern of significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies to Delta-RBD than to Omicron-RBD (p < 0.001) in a randomly selected subset of schoolchildren, yet comparable to Wuhan-RBD, suggesting these schoolchildren were more likely to have had SARS-CoV-2 infection with Delta variant. Additionally, we noted a broader IgA antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated schoolchildren with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting the superiority of hybrid immunity. CONCLUSION: Our serological data indicate a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children at a post-Omicron five-month follow-up compared to a post-Delta enrolment. Despite the small sample size of study participants, the BNT vaccine is shown to be immunogenic and safe for schoolchildren. Hybrid immunity would likely provide a broader humoral immunity against Wuhan strain, Delta, and Omicron variants than natural infection or vaccination alone does. However, future longitudinal cohort studies in SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-recovered schoolchildren receiving the BNT vaccine are needed for a better understanding of the kinetics, breadth, and durability of BNT vaccine-induced multivariant-cross reactive immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10308774 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103087742023-06-30 SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia Merid, Yared Tekleselasie, Wondwosen Tesfaye, Emnet Gadisa, Anteneh Fentahun, Dessalegn Abate, Alegntaw Alemu, Aynalem Mihret, Adane Mulu, Andargachew Gelanew, Tesfaye Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: With the persisting low vaccination intake, particularly in children of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), seroepidemiological studies are urgently needed to guide and tailor COVID-19 pandemic response efforts in schools and to put mitigation strategies in place for a future post-pandemic resurgence. However, there is limited data on SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced and vaccine-induced humoral immunity in schoolchildren in LMICs, including Ethiopia. METHODS: As the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) is the major target for neutralization antibodies and useful to predict the correlates of protection, we used an in-house anti-RBD IgG ELISA to assess and compare infection-induced antibody response at two-time points and BNT162b2 (BNT) vaccine-induced antibody response at a one-time point in schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia. In addition, we measured and compared the levels of binding IgA antibodies to spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants in a small subset of unvaccinated and BNT-vaccinated schoolchildren. RESULTS: When we compare SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced seroprevalences among unvaccinated school children (7-19 years) at the two blood sampling points with a 5-month interval, we observed an over 10% increase, from 51.8% (219/419) in the first week of December 2021 (post-Delta wave) to 67.4% (60/89) by the end of May 2022 (post-Omicron wave). Additionally, we found a significant correlation (p = 0.001) between anti-RBD IgG seropositivity and a history of having COVID-19-like symptoms. Compared to the levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced anti-RBD IgG antibodies before vaccination, higher levels of BNT vaccine-induced anti-RBD IgG antibodies were observed even in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve schoolchildren of all age groups (p = 0.0001). Importantly, one dose of the BNT vaccine was shown to be adequate to elicit a strong antibody response in schoolchildren with pre-existing anti-RBD IgG antibodies comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive schoolchildren receiving two doses of BNT vaccine, suggesting a single dose administration of the BNT vaccine could be considered for schoolchildren who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection when a shortage of vaccine supply is a limiting factor to administer two doses irrespective of their serostatus. Despite the small sample size of study participants, the BNT vaccine is shown to be immunogenic and safe for schoolchildren. Irrespective of schoolchildren’s vaccination status, we observed a similar pattern of significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies to Delta-RBD than to Omicron-RBD (p < 0.001) in a randomly selected subset of schoolchildren, yet comparable to Wuhan-RBD, suggesting these schoolchildren were more likely to have had SARS-CoV-2 infection with Delta variant. Additionally, we noted a broader IgA antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated schoolchildren with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting the superiority of hybrid immunity. CONCLUSION: Our serological data indicate a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children at a post-Omicron five-month follow-up compared to a post-Delta enrolment. Despite the small sample size of study participants, the BNT vaccine is shown to be immunogenic and safe for schoolchildren. Hybrid immunity would likely provide a broader humoral immunity against Wuhan strain, Delta, and Omicron variants than natural infection or vaccination alone does. However, future longitudinal cohort studies in SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-recovered schoolchildren receiving the BNT vaccine are needed for a better understanding of the kinetics, breadth, and durability of BNT vaccine-induced multivariant-cross reactive immunity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10308774/ /pubmed/37398668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163688 Text en Copyright © 2023 Merid, Tekleselasie, Tesfaye, Gadisa, Fentahun, Abate, Alemu, Mihret, Mulu and Gelanew https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Merid, Yared Tekleselasie, Wondwosen Tesfaye, Emnet Gadisa, Anteneh Fentahun, Dessalegn Abate, Alegntaw Alemu, Aynalem Mihret, Adane Mulu, Andargachew Gelanew, Tesfaye SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title | SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 infection-and mrna vaccine-induced humoral immunity among schoolchildren in hawassa, ethiopia |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10308774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37398668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163688 |
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