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Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Due to its addictive characteristics, many people struggle with the side effects of alcohol. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used to treat various health problems. However, the effects a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37397415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.003 |
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author | Kim, Hee Jin Lee, Min Yeong Kim, Gyu Ri Lee, Hyun Jun Sayson, Leandro Val Ortiz, Darlene Mae D. Cheong, Jae Hoon Kim, Mikyung |
author_facet | Kim, Hee Jin Lee, Min Yeong Kim, Gyu Ri Lee, Hyun Jun Sayson, Leandro Val Ortiz, Darlene Mae D. Cheong, Jae Hoon Kim, Mikyung |
author_sort | Kim, Hee Jin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Due to its addictive characteristics, many people struggle with the side effects of alcohol. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used to treat various health problems. However, the effects and mechanisms of KRG in alcohol-induced responses remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced responses. METHODS: We investigated two aspects: alcohol-induced addictive responses and spatial working memory impairments. To determine the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced addictive responses, we performed conditioned place preference tests and withdrawal symptom observations. To assess the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairment, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed using mice after repeated alcohol and KRG exposure. To investigate the potential mechanism of KRG activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were performed. Results: KRG-treated mice showed dose-dependent restoration of impaired spatial working memory following repeated alcohol exposure. Furthermore, withdrawal symptoms to alcohol were reduced in mice treated with KRG and alcohol. The PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated after alcohol administration, which was reduced by KRG. However, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were increased by alcohol and decreased by KRG. CONCLUSION: Taken together, KRG may alleviate alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairments and addictive responses through anti-neuroinflammatory activity rather than through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10310869 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103108692023-07-01 Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation Kim, Hee Jin Lee, Min Yeong Kim, Gyu Ri Lee, Hyun Jun Sayson, Leandro Val Ortiz, Darlene Mae D. Cheong, Jae Hoon Kim, Mikyung J Ginseng Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Due to its addictive characteristics, many people struggle with the side effects of alcohol. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used to treat various health problems. However, the effects and mechanisms of KRG in alcohol-induced responses remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced responses. METHODS: We investigated two aspects: alcohol-induced addictive responses and spatial working memory impairments. To determine the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced addictive responses, we performed conditioned place preference tests and withdrawal symptom observations. To assess the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairment, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed using mice after repeated alcohol and KRG exposure. To investigate the potential mechanism of KRG activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were performed. Results: KRG-treated mice showed dose-dependent restoration of impaired spatial working memory following repeated alcohol exposure. Furthermore, withdrawal symptoms to alcohol were reduced in mice treated with KRG and alcohol. The PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated after alcohol administration, which was reduced by KRG. However, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were increased by alcohol and decreased by KRG. CONCLUSION: Taken together, KRG may alleviate alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairments and addictive responses through anti-neuroinflammatory activity rather than through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Elsevier 2023-07 2023-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10310869/ /pubmed/37397415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.003 Text en © 2023 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kim, Hee Jin Lee, Min Yeong Kim, Gyu Ri Lee, Hyun Jun Sayson, Leandro Val Ortiz, Darlene Mae D. Cheong, Jae Hoon Kim, Mikyung Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title | Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title_full | Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title_fullStr | Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title_full_unstemmed | Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title_short | Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
title_sort | korean red ginseng extract attenuates alcohol-induced addictive responses and cognitive impairments by alleviating neuroinflammation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37397415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.003 |
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