Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An 11-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common causative pathogen in healthcare settings and displays increasing levels of resistance to common antimicrobial drugs. Its capacity to resist has been reported in multiple locations across the world. This study evaluates current levels of antibiotic resistance and seeks to understand antibiotic resistance patterns in the context of the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. METHODS: All clinical isolates were cultured at 37 °C for 24 h in different media: blood sheep agar, McConkey agar, and cystine–lactose–electrolyte‐deficient agar (CLED), bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the Vitek‐2 (bioMérieux) automated system. RESULTS: In total, there were 61,029 patient specimens, of which 5534 were identified as non-duplicated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, most being from males aged over 60 years. The research findings revealed that the maximum antibiotic resistance associated with P. aeruginosa isolates was found in colistin (97%), which was followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (75.8%). The maximum resistance rates in P. aeruginosa isolates were found in relation to cefepime (42.7%,) which was followed by ciprofloxacin (34.3%). CONCLUSION: The antibiotic resistance rate during the first six years of the research period was notably higher than in the last years, due to the application of infection control protocols and strict policies to control antibiotic prescriptions in all Saudi hospitals.