Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the poo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kallitsounaki, Aimilia, Williams, David M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Original Paper
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10313553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596023
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y
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author Kallitsounaki, Aimilia
Williams, David M.
author_facet Kallitsounaki, Aimilia
Williams, David M.
author_sort Kallitsounaki, Aimilia
collection PubMed
description The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y.
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spelling pubmed-103135532023-07-02 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Kallitsounaki, Aimilia Williams, David M. J Autism Dev Disord Original Paper The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g = 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y. Springer US 2022-05-20 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10313553/ /pubmed/35596023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Kallitsounaki, Aimilia
Williams, David M.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort autism spectrum disorder and gender dysphoria/incongruence. a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10313553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596023
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y
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