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Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan

Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, w...

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Autores principales: Abbas, Toqeer, Ahmad, Iftikhar, Khan, Zafar Iqbal, Shah, Anis Ali, Casini, Ryan, Elansary, Hosam O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37397008
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15565
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author Abbas, Toqeer
Ahmad, Iftikhar
Khan, Zafar Iqbal
Shah, Anis Ali
Casini, Ryan
Elansary, Hosam O.
author_facet Abbas, Toqeer
Ahmad, Iftikhar
Khan, Zafar Iqbal
Shah, Anis Ali
Casini, Ryan
Elansary, Hosam O.
author_sort Abbas, Toqeer
collection PubMed
description Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons.
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spelling pubmed-103147432023-07-02 Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan Abbas, Toqeer Ahmad, Iftikhar Khan, Zafar Iqbal Shah, Anis Ali Casini, Ryan Elansary, Hosam O. PeerJ Ecology Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons. PeerJ Inc. 2023-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10314743/ /pubmed/37397008 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15565 Text en ©2023 Abbas et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Abbas, Toqeer
Ahmad, Iftikhar
Khan, Zafar Iqbal
Shah, Anis Ali
Casini, Ryan
Elansary, Hosam O.
Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title_full Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title_fullStr Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title_short Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
title_sort stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of river chenab punjab, pakistan
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37397008
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15565
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