A case of repeat oligoprogressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with pulmonary metastasectomy

INTRODUCTION: Several retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of progressive site‐directed therapy for oligoprogressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer. However, eligible patients for progressive site‐directed therapy in these studies were limited to oligoprogressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer with bone or lymph node metastases without visceral metastases, and little is known about the efficacy of progressive site‐directed therapy for oligoprogressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer with visceral metastases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case with castration‐resistant prostate cancer previously treated with enzalutamide and docetaxel, in which only a solitary lung metastasis was identified throughout the course of treatment. The patient underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary metastasectomy with a diagnosis of repeat oligoprogressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Only androgen deprivation therapy was continued and his prostate‐specific antigen levels remained undetectable for 9 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Our case suggests that progressive site‐directed therapy may be effective for carefully selected repeat OP‐CRPC with a lung metastasis.