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Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resista...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37364132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120 |
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author | Schleyer, Guy Kuhlisch, Constanze Ziv, Carmit Ben-Dor, Shifra Malitsky, Sergey Schatz, Daniella Vardi, Assaf |
author_facet | Schleyer, Guy Kuhlisch, Constanze Ziv, Carmit Ben-Dor, Shifra Malitsky, Sergey Schatz, Daniella Vardi, Assaf |
author_sort | Schleyer, Guy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to identify lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). By applying an untargeted lipidomics approach, we identified a group of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biomarkers that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains and were thus termed resistance-specific GSLs (resGSLs). Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates collected from induced E. huxleyi blooms and in samples collected during an open-ocean E. huxleyi bloom, indicating that resistant cells predominantly occur during the demise phase of the bloom. Last, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and coevolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host–virus arms race. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10318983 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103189832023-07-05 Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean Schleyer, Guy Kuhlisch, Constanze Ziv, Carmit Ben-Dor, Shifra Malitsky, Sergey Schatz, Daniella Vardi, Assaf Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to identify lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). By applying an untargeted lipidomics approach, we identified a group of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biomarkers that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains and were thus termed resistance-specific GSLs (resGSLs). Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates collected from induced E. huxleyi blooms and in samples collected during an open-ocean E. huxleyi bloom, indicating that resistant cells predominantly occur during the demise phase of the bloom. Last, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and coevolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host–virus arms race. National Academy of Sciences 2023-06-26 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10318983/ /pubmed/37364132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Biological Sciences Schleyer, Guy Kuhlisch, Constanze Ziv, Carmit Ben-Dor, Shifra Malitsky, Sergey Schatz, Daniella Vardi, Assaf Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title | Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title_full | Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title_fullStr | Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title_full_unstemmed | Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title_short | Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
title_sort | lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean |
topic | Biological Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37364132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120 |
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