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Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean

Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resista...

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Autores principales: Schleyer, Guy, Kuhlisch, Constanze, Ziv, Carmit, Ben-Dor, Shifra, Malitsky, Sergey, Schatz, Daniella, Vardi, Assaf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37364132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120
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author Schleyer, Guy
Kuhlisch, Constanze
Ziv, Carmit
Ben-Dor, Shifra
Malitsky, Sergey
Schatz, Daniella
Vardi, Assaf
author_facet Schleyer, Guy
Kuhlisch, Constanze
Ziv, Carmit
Ben-Dor, Shifra
Malitsky, Sergey
Schatz, Daniella
Vardi, Assaf
author_sort Schleyer, Guy
collection PubMed
description Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to identify lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). By applying an untargeted lipidomics approach, we identified a group of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biomarkers that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains and were thus termed resistance-specific GSLs (resGSLs). Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates collected from induced E. huxleyi blooms and in samples collected during an open-ocean E. huxleyi bloom, indicating that resistant cells predominantly occur during the demise phase of the bloom. Last, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and coevolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host–virus arms race.
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spelling pubmed-103189832023-07-05 Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean Schleyer, Guy Kuhlisch, Constanze Ziv, Carmit Ben-Dor, Shifra Malitsky, Sergey Schatz, Daniella Vardi, Assaf Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to identify lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). By applying an untargeted lipidomics approach, we identified a group of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biomarkers that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains and were thus termed resistance-specific GSLs (resGSLs). Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates collected from induced E. huxleyi blooms and in samples collected during an open-ocean E. huxleyi bloom, indicating that resistant cells predominantly occur during the demise phase of the bloom. Last, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and coevolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host–virus arms race. National Academy of Sciences 2023-06-26 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10318983/ /pubmed/37364132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Schleyer, Guy
Kuhlisch, Constanze
Ziv, Carmit
Ben-Dor, Shifra
Malitsky, Sergey
Schatz, Daniella
Vardi, Assaf
Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title_full Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title_fullStr Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title_full_unstemmed Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title_short Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
title_sort lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10318983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37364132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217121120
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