Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in the Setting of In Vitro Fertilization Treatment

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the complications of pharmacological ovarian stimulation used in fertility treatments. This syndrome is characterized by increased vascular permeability secondary to stimulation, resulting in a fluid shift from the intravascular space to the third-space compartments. Patients developing OHSS can experience severe complications, including ascites, pleural effusions, and shock. Here, we present a case of OHSS in the setting of recent transvaginal oocyte retrieval, leading to severe ascites, pleural effusion, and hypotension requiring urgent intervention.