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Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications
Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10320357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37416827 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221628 |
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author | Pasin, Chloé Consiglio, Camila R. Huisman, Jana S. de Lange, Ann-Marie G. Peckham, Hannah Vallejo-Yagüe, Enriqueta Abela, Irene A. Islander, Ulrika Neuner-Jehle, Nadia Pujantell, Maria Roth, Olivia Schirmer, Melanie Tepekule, Burcu Zeeb, Marius Hachfeld, Anna Aebi-Popp, Karoline Kouyos, Roger D. Bonhoeffer, Sebastian |
author_facet | Pasin, Chloé Consiglio, Camila R. Huisman, Jana S. de Lange, Ann-Marie G. Peckham, Hannah Vallejo-Yagüe, Enriqueta Abela, Irene A. Islander, Ulrika Neuner-Jehle, Nadia Pujantell, Maria Roth, Olivia Schirmer, Melanie Tepekule, Burcu Zeeb, Marius Hachfeld, Anna Aebi-Popp, Karoline Kouyos, Roger D. Bonhoeffer, Sebastian |
author_sort | Pasin, Chloé |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex and gender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-related bottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and gender identity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation of gender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statistical analyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation of pregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemic bias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specify guidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to address these bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient and equitable care strategies for all. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10320357 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103203572023-07-06 Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications Pasin, Chloé Consiglio, Camila R. Huisman, Jana S. de Lange, Ann-Marie G. Peckham, Hannah Vallejo-Yagüe, Enriqueta Abela, Irene A. Islander, Ulrika Neuner-Jehle, Nadia Pujantell, Maria Roth, Olivia Schirmer, Melanie Tepekule, Burcu Zeeb, Marius Hachfeld, Anna Aebi-Popp, Karoline Kouyos, Roger D. Bonhoeffer, Sebastian R Soc Open Sci Science, Society and Policy Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex and gender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-related bottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and gender identity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation of gender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statistical analyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation of pregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemic bias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specify guidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to address these bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient and equitable care strategies for all. The Royal Society 2023-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10320357/ /pubmed/37416827 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221628 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Science, Society and Policy Pasin, Chloé Consiglio, Camila R. Huisman, Jana S. de Lange, Ann-Marie G. Peckham, Hannah Vallejo-Yagüe, Enriqueta Abela, Irene A. Islander, Ulrika Neuner-Jehle, Nadia Pujantell, Maria Roth, Olivia Schirmer, Melanie Tepekule, Burcu Zeeb, Marius Hachfeld, Anna Aebi-Popp, Karoline Kouyos, Roger D. Bonhoeffer, Sebastian Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title | Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title_full | Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title_fullStr | Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title_short | Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
title_sort | sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications |
topic | Science, Society and Policy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10320357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37416827 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221628 |
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