The prognostic value and immune landscaps of m6A/m5C-related lncRNAs signature in the low grade glioma

BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the oncogenesis of cancer. However, it remains obscure whether m6A/m5C-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the development and progression of low grade gliomas (LGG). METHODS: We summarized 926 LGG tumor samples with RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas. 105 normal brain samples with RNA-seq data from the Genotype Tissue Expression project were collected for control. We obtained a molecular classification cluster from the expression pattern of sreened lncRNAs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression was employed to construct a m6A/m5C-related lncRNAs prognostic signature of LGG. In vitro experiments were employed to validate the biological functions of lncRNAs in our risk model. RESULTS: The expression pattern of 14 sreened highly correlated lncRNAs could cluster samples into two groups, in which various clinicopathological features and the tumor immune microenvironment were significantly distinct. The survival time of cluster 1 was significantly reduced compared with cluster 2. This prognostic signature is based on 8 m6A/m5C-related lncRNAs (GDNF-AS1, HOXA-AS3, LINC00346, LINC00664, LINC00665, MIR155HG, NEAT1, RHPN1-AS1). Patients in the high-risk group harbored shorter survival times. Immunity microenvironment analysis showed B cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived DC cells were significantly increased in the high-risk group. Patients in high-risk group had the worse overall survival time regardless of followed TMZ therapy or radiotherapy. All observed results from the TCGA-LGG cohort could be validated in CGGA cohort. Afterwards, LINC00664 was found to promote cell viability, invasion and migration ability of glioma cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our study elucidated a prognostic prediction model of LGG by 8 m6A/m5C methylated lncRNAs and a critical lncRNA regulation function involved in LGG progression. High-risk patients have shorter survival times and a pro-tumor immune microenvironment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-023-05386-x.