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Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2
BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify the genes of 35 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that cause waterborne infectious diseases, and to assess the feasibility of a wastewater-based surveillance system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wastewater was aseptically sampled once a month from 2 site...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases; Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy; The Korean Society for AIDS
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37038731 http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2022.0152 |
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author | Kim, Nam-Yee Shi, Hye Jin Oh, Sung-Suck Gong, Young-Woo Kwon, Mun-Ju Eom, Joong Sik Park, Yoonseon |
author_facet | Kim, Nam-Yee Shi, Hye Jin Oh, Sung-Suck Gong, Young-Woo Kwon, Mun-Ju Eom, Joong Sik Park, Yoonseon |
author_sort | Kim, Nam-Yee |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify the genes of 35 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that cause waterborne infectious diseases, and to assess the feasibility of a wastewater-based surveillance system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wastewater was aseptically sampled once a month from 2 sites. A total of 1 L of wastewater from each site underwent 0.2 µm filtration to generate the sample A. Subsequently, 200 ul of the filtered water was ultra-filtered and concentrated to generate the sample B, which was mixed with sample A in a 1:1 ratio. We performed a Filmarray(®) Gastrointestinal (GI) panel (BioFire Diagnnostics’, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) test to simultaneously detect 13 enterobacteria, 5 enterovirus, and 4 protozoa. RNA was extracted to assess 18 types of viruses. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adenovirus, bocavirus, and rhinovirus was detected at both site. Norovirus GI/GII was continuously detected at both sites. Moreover, adenovirus, group A rotaviruses, and hepatitis A virus were frequently detected; however, hepatitis E virus was absent at either site. Campylobacter, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Clostridioides difficile toxin A/B were detected at both sites. Giardia lamblia was also detected in both sites. CONCLUSION: We analyze multiple infectious disease pathogens under sample surveillance with incidence. Further in-depth studies on wastewater-based surveillance will be feasible and important. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10323530 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases; Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy; The Korean Society for AIDS |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103235302023-07-07 Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 Kim, Nam-Yee Shi, Hye Jin Oh, Sung-Suck Gong, Young-Woo Kwon, Mun-Ju Eom, Joong Sik Park, Yoonseon Infect Chemother Original Article BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify the genes of 35 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that cause waterborne infectious diseases, and to assess the feasibility of a wastewater-based surveillance system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wastewater was aseptically sampled once a month from 2 sites. A total of 1 L of wastewater from each site underwent 0.2 µm filtration to generate the sample A. Subsequently, 200 ul of the filtered water was ultra-filtered and concentrated to generate the sample B, which was mixed with sample A in a 1:1 ratio. We performed a Filmarray(®) Gastrointestinal (GI) panel (BioFire Diagnnostics’, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) test to simultaneously detect 13 enterobacteria, 5 enterovirus, and 4 protozoa. RNA was extracted to assess 18 types of viruses. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 adenovirus, bocavirus, and rhinovirus was detected at both site. Norovirus GI/GII was continuously detected at both sites. Moreover, adenovirus, group A rotaviruses, and hepatitis A virus were frequently detected; however, hepatitis E virus was absent at either site. Campylobacter, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Clostridioides difficile toxin A/B were detected at both sites. Giardia lamblia was also detected in both sites. CONCLUSION: We analyze multiple infectious disease pathogens under sample surveillance with incidence. Further in-depth studies on wastewater-based surveillance will be feasible and important. The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases; Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy; The Korean Society for AIDS 2023-06 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10323530/ /pubmed/37038731 http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2022.0152 Text en Copyright © 2023 by The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy, and The Korean Society for AIDS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Kim, Nam-Yee Shi, Hye Jin Oh, Sung-Suck Gong, Young-Woo Kwon, Mun-Ju Eom, Joong Sik Park, Yoonseon Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full | Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title_fullStr | Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title_short | Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2 |
title_sort | wastewater knows pathogen spread: analysis of residential wastewater for infectious microorganisms including sars-cov-2 |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37038731 http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2022.0152 |
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