Effects of high-/low-temperature and high-altitude hypoxic environments on gut microbiota of sports people: A retrospective analysis

As an invisible “endocrine organ”, gut microbiota is widely involved in the regulation of nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, and digestive system. It is also closely related to host health and the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Relevant literature shows that high temperature, low temperature, and high-altitude hypoxia may have negative effects on commensal microorganisms. The stimulation of exercise may aggravate this reaction, which is related to the occurrence of exercise-induced fever and gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The intervention of probiotics can alleviate the above problems to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper takes exercise in a special environment as the starting point, deeply analyses the intervention effect and potential mechanism of probiotics, and provides the theoretical basis and reference for follow-up research and application of probiotics in sports science.