Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for Copenhagen syndrome: a case series 

BACKGROUND: Copenhagen syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder mostly observed in adolescent. The onset of the disease, with a progressive anterior vertebral ankylosis in the thoracic and/or lumbar areas often clinically revealed by thoracolumbar kyphosis. We report a series of three patients of CS with good outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: The mean age of patients were 14.0 (SD = 3.6) years at admission time. Patients underwent clinical and radiological examination (MRI, CT scan, and bone scan) before surgery and revealed Copenhagen syndrome. Case 2 received conservative treatment braces and regular follow-up. Finally, all patients were treated according to their clinical conditions through a combined surgical approach such as pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), ponte osteotomy, hook, pedicular screw insertion, and fusion. In postoperative follow-up, the deformity correction was achieved with proper alignment in all the cases. CONCLUSION: The treatment of CS with PSO plus ponte osteotomy seems to result in an excellent surgical procedure and outcome for our patients based on deformity severity. Bone scan imaging could be considered as an aid to differential diagnosis, which is an effective method.