New Dication-Based Lead-Deficient 3D MAPbI(3) and FAPbI(3) “d-HPs” Perovskites with Enhanced Stability

[Image: see text] Toxicity induced by the presence of lead and the rather poor stability of halide perovskite semiconductors represent the major issues for their large-scale application. We previously reported a new family of lead- and iodide-deficient MAPbI(3) and FAPbI(3) perovskites called d-HPs (for lead- and iodide-deficient halide perovskites) based on two organic cations: hydroxyethylammonium HO–(CH(2))(2)–NH(3)(+) (HEA(+)) and thioethylammonium HS–(CH(2))(2)–NH(3)(+) (TEA(+)). In this article, we report the use of an organic dication, 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diaminium (2-propanol 1,3 diammonium), named PDA(2+), to create new 3D d-HPs based on the MAPbI(3) and FAPbI(3) network with general formulations of (PDA)(0,88x)(MA)(1–0,76x)[Pb(1–x)I(3–x)] and (PDA)(1,11x)(FA)(1–1,22x)[Pb(1–x)I(3–x)], respectively. These d-HPs have been successfully synthesized as crystals, powders, and thin films and exhibit improved air stability compared to their reference MAPbI(3) and FAPbI(3) perovskite counterparts. PDA(2+)-based deficient MAPbI(3) was also tested in operational perovskite solar cells and exhibited an efficiency of 13.0% with enhanced stability.