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The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was developed to stimulate acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of reproductive health abnormalities have been reported following the administration of the adenovirus and mRNA-co...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10326796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37425538 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40076 |
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author | Wali, Razaz Alhindi, Hayat Saber, Arwa Algethami, Khowlah Alhumaidah, Reem |
author_facet | Wali, Razaz Alhindi, Hayat Saber, Arwa Algethami, Khowlah Alhumaidah, Reem |
author_sort | Wali, Razaz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was developed to stimulate acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of reproductive health abnormalities have been reported following the administration of the adenovirus and mRNA-containing vaccine. Such complaints included irregular menstrual cycles, miscarriages, changes in sexual interest, vaginal bleeding, and decreased milk supply in breastfeeding mothers. This study aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the reproductive health of women attending five primary healthcare centers in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 women between 15 and 50 years. Five primary healthcare centers were included from May to September 2022. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used; data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from women who received any number or type of COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of those who responded to the questionnaire (297 participants), 74% were married, and 52% had 1-3 children. Of the pregnant women, only 4% lost their pregnancy. In addition, of the breastfeeding mothers, 10% noticed a decrease in milk production after the vaccination. The effect of the vaccination status on decreased libido was 11%. A small proportion (18%) of the participants reported worsening dietary habits after the vaccine. Less than half of the participants (44%) reported a change in the length and amount of the menstrual cycle, and 29% worsened premenstrual syndrome (PMS). There was no significant association between the type and the number of doses on the rate of miscarriage (p=0.47), breastmilk production (p=0.47), libido (p=0.11), health diet habits (p=0.15), monthly cycle (p=0.570), heavy menses (p=0.999), and PMS symptoms in the study participants. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination remains necessary to prevent severe infection and is safe for females of reproductive age, whether trying to get pregnant or lactating, and has no significant effect on the menstrual cycle. This research can be used as a basis when deciding on vaccines in case of future pandemics and remove misinformation and doubts regarding the vaccines that should be adequately addressed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10326796 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103267962023-07-08 The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study Wali, Razaz Alhindi, Hayat Saber, Arwa Algethami, Khowlah Alhumaidah, Reem Cureus Family/General Practice Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was developed to stimulate acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of reproductive health abnormalities have been reported following the administration of the adenovirus and mRNA-containing vaccine. Such complaints included irregular menstrual cycles, miscarriages, changes in sexual interest, vaginal bleeding, and decreased milk supply in breastfeeding mothers. This study aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the reproductive health of women attending five primary healthcare centers in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 women between 15 and 50 years. Five primary healthcare centers were included from May to September 2022. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used; data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from women who received any number or type of COVID-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of those who responded to the questionnaire (297 participants), 74% were married, and 52% had 1-3 children. Of the pregnant women, only 4% lost their pregnancy. In addition, of the breastfeeding mothers, 10% noticed a decrease in milk production after the vaccination. The effect of the vaccination status on decreased libido was 11%. A small proportion (18%) of the participants reported worsening dietary habits after the vaccine. Less than half of the participants (44%) reported a change in the length and amount of the menstrual cycle, and 29% worsened premenstrual syndrome (PMS). There was no significant association between the type and the number of doses on the rate of miscarriage (p=0.47), breastmilk production (p=0.47), libido (p=0.11), health diet habits (p=0.15), monthly cycle (p=0.570), heavy menses (p=0.999), and PMS symptoms in the study participants. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination remains necessary to prevent severe infection and is safe for females of reproductive age, whether trying to get pregnant or lactating, and has no significant effect on the menstrual cycle. This research can be used as a basis when deciding on vaccines in case of future pandemics and remove misinformation and doubts regarding the vaccines that should be adequately addressed. Cureus 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10326796/ /pubmed/37425538 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40076 Text en Copyright © 2023, Wali et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Family/General Practice Wali, Razaz Alhindi, Hayat Saber, Arwa Algethami, Khowlah Alhumaidah, Reem The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title | The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full | The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr | The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short | The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Women's Reproductive Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort | effect of covid-19 vaccine on women's reproductive health: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Family/General Practice |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10326796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37425538 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40076 |
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