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Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The health of a population is determined by urban factors such as the physical, social and safety environment, which can be modified by urban regeneration policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of elements of the social, physical and safety environment of the nei...

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Autores principales: López-Contreras, Natalia, Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa, Vives, Alejandra, Olave-Müller, Paola, Gotsens, Mercè
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10327346/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01136-w
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author López-Contreras, Natalia
Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa
Vives, Alejandra
Olave-Müller, Paola
Gotsens, Mercè
author_facet López-Contreras, Natalia
Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa
Vives, Alejandra
Olave-Müller, Paola
Gotsens, Mercè
author_sort López-Contreras, Natalia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The health of a population is determined by urban factors such as the physical, social and safety environment, which can be modified by urban regeneration policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of elements of the social, physical and safety environment of the neighborhood in the urban context with self-perceived health (SPH), according to axes of inequality, such as gender and educational level in Chile in 2016. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using a nationally representative population-based survey of Chile. We used data from the 2016 National Survey of Quality of Life and Health. Poor SPH in the urban population older than 25 years was analyzed in relation to social, physical and safety environment variables. Poisson multilevel regression models were estimated to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were stratified by sex and educational level. RESULTS: SPH was worse in women than in men, especially in those with a lower education level. Poor SPH was associated with lack of support networks (PR = 1.4; 95%CI = 1.1–1.7), non-participation in social organizations (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.1–1.6) and perceived problems with the quality of public space (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.2–1.5) in women with a medium-high educational level and with a feeling of not belonging to the neighborhood (PR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.2–1.8) and the perception of pollution problems (PR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.0-1.4) in women with a low educational level. A feeling of unsafety was associated with both educational levels (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0-1.5). Poor SPH was associated with the feeling of not belonging (PR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.2–2.5), and unsafety (PR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.8–2.4) in men with a medium-high educational level, while there were fewer associations in men with a lower education level. CONCLUSIONS: Urban interventions are recommended to improve the health of the resident population and should take into account axes of inequality.
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spelling pubmed-103273462023-07-08 Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study López-Contreras, Natalia Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa Vives, Alejandra Olave-Müller, Paola Gotsens, Mercè Arch Public Health Research BACKGROUND: The health of a population is determined by urban factors such as the physical, social and safety environment, which can be modified by urban regeneration policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of elements of the social, physical and safety environment of the neighborhood in the urban context with self-perceived health (SPH), according to axes of inequality, such as gender and educational level in Chile in 2016. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using a nationally representative population-based survey of Chile. We used data from the 2016 National Survey of Quality of Life and Health. Poor SPH in the urban population older than 25 years was analyzed in relation to social, physical and safety environment variables. Poisson multilevel regression models were estimated to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were stratified by sex and educational level. RESULTS: SPH was worse in women than in men, especially in those with a lower education level. Poor SPH was associated with lack of support networks (PR = 1.4; 95%CI = 1.1–1.7), non-participation in social organizations (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.1–1.6) and perceived problems with the quality of public space (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.2–1.5) in women with a medium-high educational level and with a feeling of not belonging to the neighborhood (PR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.2–1.8) and the perception of pollution problems (PR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.0-1.4) in women with a low educational level. A feeling of unsafety was associated with both educational levels (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0-1.5). Poor SPH was associated with the feeling of not belonging (PR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.2–2.5), and unsafety (PR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.8–2.4) in men with a medium-high educational level, while there were fewer associations in men with a lower education level. CONCLUSIONS: Urban interventions are recommended to improve the health of the resident population and should take into account axes of inequality. BioMed Central 2023-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10327346/ /pubmed/37420299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01136-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
López-Contreras, Natalia
Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa
Vives, Alejandra
Olave-Müller, Paola
Gotsens, Mercè
Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title_full Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title_short Social inequalities in self-perceived health in Chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
title_sort social inequalities in self-perceived health in chile, does the urban environment matter?: a cross-sectional study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10327346/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01136-w
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