Impact of Different Therapeutic Strategies With Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Health-Related Quality of Life During Prolonged Device-Based Support

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation improves survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with heart failure. However, the impact of LVADs or different LVAD-based therapeutic strategies on long-term HRQoL has not been investigated. We evaluated the long-term HRQoL of Japanese patients who were treated with different LVAD-based therapeutic strategies. Methods and Results: Patients whose data were recorded in the Japanese Registry for Mechanical Assisted Circulatory Support between January 2010 and December 2018 were divided into 3 groups: primary implantable LVAD (G-iLVAD; n=483), primary paracorporeal LVAD (n=33), and bridge-to-bridge from paracorporeal to implantable LVAD (n=65). HRQoL was evaluated using the EuroQoL 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) before and 3 and 12 months after LVAD implantation; the mean EQ-5D-3L visual analog scale (VAS) score in the G-iLVAD group at these time points was 47.4, 71.1, and 72.9, respectively (where scores of 0 and 100 indicate worst and best imaginable health state, respectively). Changes in the least squares means of the VAS scores at 3 and 12 months after implantation differed significantly among the 3 groups. Social function, disability, and physical and mental problems were significantly lower in the G-iLVAD than other groups. Conclusions: HRQoL improved significantly at 3 and 12 months after LVAD implantation in all groups. Physical function showed a stronger improvement than did social function, disability, and mental function.