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Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil

The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL...

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Autores principales: Hammock, Hunter A., Sams, Carl E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37434608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664
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author Hammock, Hunter A.
Sams, Carl E.
author_facet Hammock, Hunter A.
Sams, Carl E.
author_sort Hammock, Hunter A.
collection PubMed
description The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol( . )m(-2. )d(-1) (100 µmol( . )m(-2. )s(-1), 24 h( . )d(-1)) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol( . )m(-2.)d(-1) during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol( . )m(-2.)d(-1)). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol( . )m(-2.)s(-1), 12-24 h( . )d(-1) for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops.
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spelling pubmed-103323222023-07-11 Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil Hammock, Hunter A. Sams, Carl E. Front Plant Sci Plant Science The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol( . )m(-2. )d(-1) (100 µmol( . )m(-2. )s(-1), 24 h( . )d(-1)) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol( . )m(-2.)d(-1) during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol( . )m(-2.)d(-1)). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol( . )m(-2.)s(-1), 12-24 h( . )d(-1) for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10332322/ /pubmed/37434608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664 Text en Copyright © 2023 Hammock and Sams https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Hammock, Hunter A.
Sams, Carl E.
Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title_full Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title_fullStr Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title_full_unstemmed Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title_short Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil
title_sort variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown ‘italian large leaf’ basil
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37434608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664
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