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Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis

Background Urban cores often present extreme disparities in the distribution of wealth and income. They also vary in health outcomes, especially regarding mental welfare. Dense urban blocks agglomerate many residents of various backgrounds, and extreme differences in income, commerce, and health may...

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Autores principales: Giordano, Vincent, Rigatti, Tara, Shaikh, Asad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37435013
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41607
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author Giordano, Vincent
Rigatti, Tara
Shaikh, Asad
author_facet Giordano, Vincent
Rigatti, Tara
Shaikh, Asad
author_sort Giordano, Vincent
collection PubMed
description Background Urban cores often present extreme disparities in the distribution of wealth and income. They also vary in health outcomes, especially regarding mental welfare. Dense urban blocks agglomerate many residents of various backgrounds, and extreme differences in income, commerce, and health may lead to variations in depressive disorder outcomes. More research is needed on public health characteristics that may affect depression in dense urban centers. Methods Data on 2020 public health characteristics for Manhattan Island was collected using the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC's) PLACES project. All Manhattan census tracts were used as the spatial observations, resulting in [Formula: see text]  observations. A cross-sectional generalized linear regression (GLR) was used to fit a geographically weighted spatial regression (GWR), with tract depression rates as the endogenous variable. Data on the following eight exogenous parameters were incorporated: the percentage without health insurance, the percentage of those who binge drink, the percentage who receive an annual doctor’s checkup, the percentage of those who are physically inactive, the percentage of those who experience frequent mental distress, the percentage of those who receive less than 7 hours of sleep each night, the percentage of those who report regular smoking, and the percentage of those who are obese. A Getis-Ord Gi* model was built to locate hot and cold spot clusters for depression incidence and an Anselin Local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis was undertaken to determine neighborhood relationships between tracts.  Results Depression hot spot clusters at the 90%-99% confidence interval (CI) were identified in Upper Manhattan and Lower Manhattan using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and spatial autocorrelation. Cold spot clusters at the 90%-99% CI were in central Manhattan and the southern edge of Manhattan Island. For the GLR-GWR model, only the lack of health insurance and mental distress variables were significant at the 95% CI, with an adjusted R­(2) of 0.56. Noticeable inversions were observed in the spatial distribution of the exogenous coefficients across Manhattan, with a higher lack of insurance coefficients observed in Upper Manhattan and higher frequent mental distress coefficients in Lower Manhattan. Conclusion The level of depression incidence does spatially track with predictive health and economic parameters across Manhattan Island. Additional research is encouraged on urban policies that may reduce the mental distress burden on Manhattan residents, as well as investigations of the spatial inversion observed in this study between the exogenous parameters.
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spelling pubmed-103323322023-07-11 Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis Giordano, Vincent Rigatti, Tara Shaikh, Asad Cureus Psychology Background Urban cores often present extreme disparities in the distribution of wealth and income. They also vary in health outcomes, especially regarding mental welfare. Dense urban blocks agglomerate many residents of various backgrounds, and extreme differences in income, commerce, and health may lead to variations in depressive disorder outcomes. More research is needed on public health characteristics that may affect depression in dense urban centers. Methods Data on 2020 public health characteristics for Manhattan Island was collected using the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC's) PLACES project. All Manhattan census tracts were used as the spatial observations, resulting in [Formula: see text]  observations. A cross-sectional generalized linear regression (GLR) was used to fit a geographically weighted spatial regression (GWR), with tract depression rates as the endogenous variable. Data on the following eight exogenous parameters were incorporated: the percentage without health insurance, the percentage of those who binge drink, the percentage who receive an annual doctor’s checkup, the percentage of those who are physically inactive, the percentage of those who experience frequent mental distress, the percentage of those who receive less than 7 hours of sleep each night, the percentage of those who report regular smoking, and the percentage of those who are obese. A Getis-Ord Gi* model was built to locate hot and cold spot clusters for depression incidence and an Anselin Local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis was undertaken to determine neighborhood relationships between tracts.  Results Depression hot spot clusters at the 90%-99% confidence interval (CI) were identified in Upper Manhattan and Lower Manhattan using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and spatial autocorrelation. Cold spot clusters at the 90%-99% CI were in central Manhattan and the southern edge of Manhattan Island. For the GLR-GWR model, only the lack of health insurance and mental distress variables were significant at the 95% CI, with an adjusted R­(2) of 0.56. Noticeable inversions were observed in the spatial distribution of the exogenous coefficients across Manhattan, with a higher lack of insurance coefficients observed in Upper Manhattan and higher frequent mental distress coefficients in Lower Manhattan. Conclusion The level of depression incidence does spatially track with predictive health and economic parameters across Manhattan Island. Additional research is encouraged on urban policies that may reduce the mental distress burden on Manhattan residents, as well as investigations of the spatial inversion observed in this study between the exogenous parameters. Cureus 2023-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10332332/ /pubmed/37435013 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41607 Text en Copyright © 2023, Giordano et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Psychology
Giordano, Vincent
Rigatti, Tara
Shaikh, Asad
Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title_full Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title_fullStr Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title_short Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis
title_sort spatial health predictors for depressive disorder in manhattan: a 2020 analysis
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37435013
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41607
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