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Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland

Overgrazing‐induced grassland degradation has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. The diversity and composition of soil microbial communities are sensitive to grazing disturbances. However, our understanding is limited with respect to the effects of grazing intensity on bacterial and fung...

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Autores principales: Yang, Yang, Zhang, Hao, Liu, Wei, Sun, Jiamei, Zhao, Mengli, Han, Guodong, Pan, Qingmin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37441099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10300
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author Yang, Yang
Zhang, Hao
Liu, Wei
Sun, Jiamei
Zhao, Mengli
Han, Guodong
Pan, Qingmin
author_facet Yang, Yang
Zhang, Hao
Liu, Wei
Sun, Jiamei
Zhao, Mengli
Han, Guodong
Pan, Qingmin
author_sort Yang, Yang
collection PubMed
description Overgrazing‐induced grassland degradation has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. The diversity and composition of soil microbial communities are sensitive to grazing disturbances. However, our understanding is limited with respect to the effects of grazing intensity on bacterial and fungal communities, especially in plant rhizosphere. Using a long‐term grazing experiment, we evaluated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in both rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils under three grazing intensities (light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in a desert grassland and examined the relative roles of grazing‐induced changes in some abiotic and biotic factors in affecting the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Our results showed that soil bacteria differed greatly in diversity and composition between rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere zones, and so did soil fungi. Moderate and heavy grazing significantly reduced the rhizosphere bacterial diversity. Grazing intensity substantially altered the bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both zones but with different mechanisms. While root nitrogen and soil nitrogen played an important role in shaping the rhizosphere bacterial composition, soil‐available phosphorus greatly affected the non‐rhizosphere bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both soils. This study provides direct experimental evidence that the diversity and composition of microbial communities were severely altered by heavy grazing on a desert grassland. Thus, to restore the grazing‐induced, degraded grasslands, we should pay more attention to the conservation of soil microbes in addition to vegetation recovery.
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spelling pubmed-103336612023-07-12 Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland Yang, Yang Zhang, Hao Liu, Wei Sun, Jiamei Zhao, Mengli Han, Guodong Pan, Qingmin Ecol Evol Research Articles Overgrazing‐induced grassland degradation has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. The diversity and composition of soil microbial communities are sensitive to grazing disturbances. However, our understanding is limited with respect to the effects of grazing intensity on bacterial and fungal communities, especially in plant rhizosphere. Using a long‐term grazing experiment, we evaluated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in both rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soils under three grazing intensities (light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in a desert grassland and examined the relative roles of grazing‐induced changes in some abiotic and biotic factors in affecting the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Our results showed that soil bacteria differed greatly in diversity and composition between rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere zones, and so did soil fungi. Moderate and heavy grazing significantly reduced the rhizosphere bacterial diversity. Grazing intensity substantially altered the bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both zones but with different mechanisms. While root nitrogen and soil nitrogen played an important role in shaping the rhizosphere bacterial composition, soil‐available phosphorus greatly affected the non‐rhizosphere bacterial composition and the fungal composition in both soils. This study provides direct experimental evidence that the diversity and composition of microbial communities were severely altered by heavy grazing on a desert grassland. Thus, to restore the grazing‐induced, degraded grasslands, we should pay more attention to the conservation of soil microbes in addition to vegetation recovery. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10333661/ /pubmed/37441099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10300 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Yang, Yang
Zhang, Hao
Liu, Wei
Sun, Jiamei
Zhao, Mengli
Han, Guodong
Pan, Qingmin
Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title_full Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title_fullStr Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title_full_unstemmed Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title_short Effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
title_sort effects of grazing intensity on diversity and composition of rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere microbial communities in a desert grassland
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37441099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10300
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