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Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales

Specialization, contextualized in a resource axis of an organism niche, is a core concept in ecology. In biotic interactions, specialization can be determined by the range of interacting partners. Evolutionary and ecological factors, in combination with the surveyed scale (spatial, temporal, biologi...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara, Martínez, Isabel, Aragón, Gregorio, Zamorano‐Elgueta, Carlos, Cavieres, Lohengrin, Prieto, María
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333671/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37441095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10296
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author Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara
Martínez, Isabel
Aragón, Gregorio
Zamorano‐Elgueta, Carlos
Cavieres, Lohengrin
Prieto, María
author_facet Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara
Martínez, Isabel
Aragón, Gregorio
Zamorano‐Elgueta, Carlos
Cavieres, Lohengrin
Prieto, María
author_sort Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara
collection PubMed
description Specialization, contextualized in a resource axis of an organism niche, is a core concept in ecology. In biotic interactions, specialization can be determined by the range of interacting partners. Evolutionary and ecological factors, in combination with the surveyed scale (spatial, temporal, biological, and/or taxonomic), influence the conception of specialization. This study aimed to assess the specialization patterns and drivers in the lichen symbiosis, considering the interaction between the principal fungus (mycobiont) and the associated Nostoc (cyanobiont), from a community perspective considering different spatial scales. Thus, we determined Nostoc phylogroup richness and composition of lichen communities in 11 Nothofagus pumilio forests across a wide latitudinal gradient in Chile. To measure specialization, cyanobiont richness, Simpson's and d′ indices were estimated for 37 mycobiont species in these communities. Potential drivers that might shape Nostoc composition and specialization measures along the environmental gradient were analysed. Limitations in lichen distributional ranges due to the availability of their cyanobionts were studied. Turnover patterns of cyanobionts were identified at multiple spatial scales. The results showed that environmental factors shaped the Nostoc composition of these communities, thus limiting cyanobiont availability to establish the symbiotic association. Besides, specialization changed with the spatial scale and with the metric considered. Cyanolichens were more specialized than cephalolichens when considering partner richness and Simpson's index, whereas the d′ index was mostly explained by mycobiont identity. Little evidence of lichen distributional ranges due to the distribution of their cyanobionts was found. Thus, lichens with broad distributional ranges either associated with several cyanobionts or with widely distributed cyanobionts. Comparisons between local and regional scales showed a decreasing degree of specialization at larger scales due to an increase in cyanobiont richness. The results support the context dependency of specialization and how its consideration changes with the metric and the spatial scale considered. Subsequently, we suggest considering the entire community and widening the spatial scale studied as it is crucial to understand factors determining specialization.
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spelling pubmed-103336712023-07-12 Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara Martínez, Isabel Aragón, Gregorio Zamorano‐Elgueta, Carlos Cavieres, Lohengrin Prieto, María Ecol Evol Research Articles Specialization, contextualized in a resource axis of an organism niche, is a core concept in ecology. In biotic interactions, specialization can be determined by the range of interacting partners. Evolutionary and ecological factors, in combination with the surveyed scale (spatial, temporal, biological, and/or taxonomic), influence the conception of specialization. This study aimed to assess the specialization patterns and drivers in the lichen symbiosis, considering the interaction between the principal fungus (mycobiont) and the associated Nostoc (cyanobiont), from a community perspective considering different spatial scales. Thus, we determined Nostoc phylogroup richness and composition of lichen communities in 11 Nothofagus pumilio forests across a wide latitudinal gradient in Chile. To measure specialization, cyanobiont richness, Simpson's and d′ indices were estimated for 37 mycobiont species in these communities. Potential drivers that might shape Nostoc composition and specialization measures along the environmental gradient were analysed. Limitations in lichen distributional ranges due to the availability of their cyanobionts were studied. Turnover patterns of cyanobionts were identified at multiple spatial scales. The results showed that environmental factors shaped the Nostoc composition of these communities, thus limiting cyanobiont availability to establish the symbiotic association. Besides, specialization changed with the spatial scale and with the metric considered. Cyanolichens were more specialized than cephalolichens when considering partner richness and Simpson's index, whereas the d′ index was mostly explained by mycobiont identity. Little evidence of lichen distributional ranges due to the distribution of their cyanobionts was found. Thus, lichens with broad distributional ranges either associated with several cyanobionts or with widely distributed cyanobionts. Comparisons between local and regional scales showed a decreasing degree of specialization at larger scales due to an increase in cyanobiont richness. The results support the context dependency of specialization and how its consideration changes with the metric and the spatial scale considered. Subsequently, we suggest considering the entire community and widening the spatial scale studied as it is crucial to understand factors determining specialization. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10333671/ /pubmed/37441095 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10296 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Rodríguez‐Arribas, Clara
Martínez, Isabel
Aragón, Gregorio
Zamorano‐Elgueta, Carlos
Cavieres, Lohengrin
Prieto, María
Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title_full Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title_fullStr Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title_full_unstemmed Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title_short Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
title_sort specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: a community perspective over spatial scales
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333671/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37441095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10296
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