Silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi(2)O(3)) nanoparticles for the superior electrochemical detection of glucose, NO(2)(−) and H(2)O(2)

In this study, silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi(2)O(3)) nanoparticles (SBO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a highly efficient hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized SBO nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, P-XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, and HR-TEM analytical methods. It was found that the NPs were in spherical shape and hexagonal crystal phase. The newly prepared SBO electrode was further utilized for the detection of glucose, NO(2)(−) and H(2)O(2) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric methods. The electrodes exhibited high sensitivity (2.153 μA mM(−1) cm(−2) for glucose, 22 μA mM(−1) cm(−2) for NO(2)(−) and 1.72 μA mM(−1) cm(−2) for H(2)O(2)), low LOD (0.87 μM for glucose, 2.8 μM for NO(2)(−) and 1.15 μM for H(2)O(2)) and quick response time (3 s for glucose, 2 s for both NO(2)(−) and H(2)O(2) respectively). The sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity despite the presence of various interferences. The developed sensor exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. In addition, the sensor was used to measure glucose, H(2)O(2) in human serum, and NO(2)(−) in milk and river water samples, demonstrating its potential for use in the real sample.