Physical activity measurements in individuals with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) measurements are becoming common in interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, standardisation has not been achieved. We aimed to systematically review PA measurement methods, present PA levels and provide practical recommendations on PA measurement in ILD. METHODS: We searched four databases up to November 2022 for studies assessing PA in ILD. We collected information about the studies and participants, the methods used to measure PA, and the PA metrics. Studies were scored using 12 items regarding PA measurements to evaluate the reporting quality of activity monitor use. RESULTS: In 40 of the included studies, PA was measured using various devices or questionnaires with numerous metrics. Of the 33 studies that utilised activity monitors, a median of five out of 12 items were not reported, with the definition of nonwear time being the most frequently omitted. The meta-analyses showed that the pooled means (95% CI) of steps, time spent in moderate to vigorous PA, total energy expenditure and sedentary time were 5215 (4640–5791) steps·day(−1), 82 (58–106) min·day(−1), 2130 (1847–2412) kcal·day(−1) and 605 (323–887) min·day(−1), respectively, with considerable heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: The use of activity monitors and questionnaires in ILD lacks consistency. Improvement is required in the reporting quality of PA measurement methods using activity monitors.