The measurement of ambient air moisture stable isotope composition for the accurate estimation of evaporative losses

Accurate estimation of evaporative losses from a water body, using the Craig-Gordon model and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of water, requires knowledge of the stable isotope composition of ambient air moisture. This is rarely measured in the field, and it is usually estimated assuming that recent rainfall remains in isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric moisture. However, the ambient air moisture stable isotope composition may vary significantly at different heights above the water body. In this study, we set up outdoor pan evaporation experiments and simultaneously measured the stable isotope composition of ambient moisture in the atmosphere at three different heights. Using these measurements, we calculated evaporative losses, compared them with the observed losses in the pan, and assessed the uncertainty introduced by differences in ambient moisture measurements. Three main steps in the experimental method: • Daily water sampling from the evaporation pan for analysis of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions. • Recording the stable isotope composition of ambient air moisture at three different heights using the Picarro L2130-i system over a period of experiments. • Calculating evaporative losses from the pan using the Craig-Gordon model and ambient air stable isotope composition measured at three different levels and comparing to the observed losses.