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Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions

Calix[4]pyrroles (CPs) and polyammonium azacrowns (ACs) are well-known receptors for anions. CPs bind anions by directional hydrogen bonds that do not always work well for aqueous analytes. The positive charge in polyammonium ACs allows for a stronger but non-directional anion-ammonium electrostatic...

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Autores principales: Sartori, Austin R., Radujević, Aco, George, Sandra M., Anzenbacher, Pavel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37449063
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc01970e
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author Sartori, Austin R.
Radujević, Aco
George, Sandra M.
Anzenbacher, Pavel
author_facet Sartori, Austin R.
Radujević, Aco
George, Sandra M.
Anzenbacher, Pavel
author_sort Sartori, Austin R.
collection PubMed
description Calix[4]pyrroles (CPs) and polyammonium azacrowns (ACs) are well-known receptors for anions. CPs bind anions by directional hydrogen bonds that do not always work well for aqueous analytes. The positive charge in polyammonium ACs allows for a stronger but non-directional anion-ammonium electrostatic attraction but lack selectivity. Bridging the gap between CPs and ACs could increase affinity and potentially preserve the selectivity of anion binding. We have synthesized a flexible calixpyrrole-azacrown near isosteric receptor and incorporated an environmentally sensitive dansyl fluorophore to enable fluorescence measurements. Anion binding was evaluated using NMR and fluorescence titrations. The isosteric receptor shows a strong affinity for aqueous phosphates and phosphonates (Na(+) salts) in the order HAsO(4)(2−) > H(2)PO(4)(−) > H(2)P(2)O(7)(2−) > glyphosate(2−) > AMP(−) > methylphosphonate(−) ≫ ADP(2−) or ATP(3−) but does not bind halides. This is in stark contrast to CP which shows a strong preference for halides over oxyanions. The anion binding by the new receptor was accompanied by analyte-specific changes in fluorescence intensity and spectral width and by a wavelength shift. These parameters were used in qualitative and quantitative sensing of aqueous anions. By applying machine-learning algorithms, such as linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine linear regression, this one sensor can differentiate between 10 different analytes and accurately quantify herbicide glyphosate and methylphosphonate, a product of sarin, soman or cyclosarin hydrolysis. In fact, glyphosate can be quantified even in the presence of competing anions such as orthophosphate (LODs were ≤ 1 μM).
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spelling pubmed-103377272023-07-13 Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions Sartori, Austin R. Radujević, Aco George, Sandra M. Anzenbacher, Pavel Chem Sci Chemistry Calix[4]pyrroles (CPs) and polyammonium azacrowns (ACs) are well-known receptors for anions. CPs bind anions by directional hydrogen bonds that do not always work well for aqueous analytes. The positive charge in polyammonium ACs allows for a stronger but non-directional anion-ammonium electrostatic attraction but lack selectivity. Bridging the gap between CPs and ACs could increase affinity and potentially preserve the selectivity of anion binding. We have synthesized a flexible calixpyrrole-azacrown near isosteric receptor and incorporated an environmentally sensitive dansyl fluorophore to enable fluorescence measurements. Anion binding was evaluated using NMR and fluorescence titrations. The isosteric receptor shows a strong affinity for aqueous phosphates and phosphonates (Na(+) salts) in the order HAsO(4)(2−) > H(2)PO(4)(−) > H(2)P(2)O(7)(2−) > glyphosate(2−) > AMP(−) > methylphosphonate(−) ≫ ADP(2−) or ATP(3−) but does not bind halides. This is in stark contrast to CP which shows a strong preference for halides over oxyanions. The anion binding by the new receptor was accompanied by analyte-specific changes in fluorescence intensity and spectral width and by a wavelength shift. These parameters were used in qualitative and quantitative sensing of aqueous anions. By applying machine-learning algorithms, such as linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine linear regression, this one sensor can differentiate between 10 different analytes and accurately quantify herbicide glyphosate and methylphosphonate, a product of sarin, soman or cyclosarin hydrolysis. In fact, glyphosate can be quantified even in the presence of competing anions such as orthophosphate (LODs were ≤ 1 μM). The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10337727/ /pubmed/37449063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc01970e Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Sartori, Austin R.
Radujević, Aco
George, Sandra M.
Anzenbacher, Pavel
Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title_full Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title_fullStr Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title_full_unstemmed Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title_short Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
title_sort azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37449063
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc01970e
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