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Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents

INTRODUCTION: Reductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to...

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Autores principales: Bloomfield, Susan A., Swift, Sibyl N., Metzger, Corinne E., Baek, Kyunghwa, De Souza, Mary Jane, Lenfest, Scott, Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman, Hogan, Harry A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37455901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1141906
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author Bloomfield, Susan A.
Swift, Sibyl N.
Metzger, Corinne E.
Baek, Kyunghwa
De Souza, Mary Jane
Lenfest, Scott
Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman
Hogan, Harry A.
author_facet Bloomfield, Susan A.
Swift, Sibyl N.
Metzger, Corinne E.
Baek, Kyunghwa
De Souza, Mary Jane
Lenfest, Scott
Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman
Hogan, Harry A.
author_sort Bloomfield, Susan A.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Reductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to graded energy deficits. METHODS: Female virgin rats (n=84, 5-mo-old; 12/group) were randomized to baseline controls and either sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) conditions, and within each exercise status to adlib-fed (ADLIB), or moderate (MOD) or severe (SEV) energy restriction diets for 12 weeks. Rats assigned to EX groups performed treadmill running to increase weekly energy expenditure by 10%. MOD-ER-SED, SEV-ER-SED, MOD-ER-EX and SEV-ER-EX were fed modified AIN93M diets with 20%, 40% 10%, and 30% less energy content, respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided. RESULTS: Energy availability (EA) was effectively reduced by ~14% and ~30% in the MOD-ER and SEV-ER groups, respectively. MOD-ER for 12 weeks resulted in few negative impacts on bone and, except for serum leptin in MOD-ER-SED rats, no significant changes in endocrine factors. By contrast, SEV-ER in SED rats resulted in significantly lower total body and femoral neck bone mass, and reduced serum estradiol, IGF-1 and leptin. EX rats experiencing the same reduction in energy availability as SEV-ER-SED exhibited higher total body mass, lean mass, total BMC, and higher serum IGF-1 at the end of 12 weeks. Bone mechanical properties at 3 bone sites (mid-femur, distal femur, femoral neck) were minimally impacted by ER but positively affected by EX. DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that combining increased EX energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake to achieve a targeted reduction in EA provides some protection against loss of bone mass and lean mass in skeletally mature female rats, likely due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1, and that bone mechanical integrity is not significantly degraded with either moderate or severe reduced EA.
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spelling pubmed-103382262023-07-14 Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents Bloomfield, Susan A. Swift, Sibyl N. Metzger, Corinne E. Baek, Kyunghwa De Souza, Mary Jane Lenfest, Scott Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman Hogan, Harry A. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology INTRODUCTION: Reductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to graded energy deficits. METHODS: Female virgin rats (n=84, 5-mo-old; 12/group) were randomized to baseline controls and either sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) conditions, and within each exercise status to adlib-fed (ADLIB), or moderate (MOD) or severe (SEV) energy restriction diets for 12 weeks. Rats assigned to EX groups performed treadmill running to increase weekly energy expenditure by 10%. MOD-ER-SED, SEV-ER-SED, MOD-ER-EX and SEV-ER-EX were fed modified AIN93M diets with 20%, 40% 10%, and 30% less energy content, respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided. RESULTS: Energy availability (EA) was effectively reduced by ~14% and ~30% in the MOD-ER and SEV-ER groups, respectively. MOD-ER for 12 weeks resulted in few negative impacts on bone and, except for serum leptin in MOD-ER-SED rats, no significant changes in endocrine factors. By contrast, SEV-ER in SED rats resulted in significantly lower total body and femoral neck bone mass, and reduced serum estradiol, IGF-1 and leptin. EX rats experiencing the same reduction in energy availability as SEV-ER-SED exhibited higher total body mass, lean mass, total BMC, and higher serum IGF-1 at the end of 12 weeks. Bone mechanical properties at 3 bone sites (mid-femur, distal femur, femoral neck) were minimally impacted by ER but positively affected by EX. DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that combining increased EX energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake to achieve a targeted reduction in EA provides some protection against loss of bone mass and lean mass in skeletally mature female rats, likely due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1, and that bone mechanical integrity is not significantly degraded with either moderate or severe reduced EA. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10338226/ /pubmed/37455901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1141906 Text en Copyright © 2023 Bloomfield, Swift, Metzger, Baek, De Souza, Lenfest, Shirazi-Fard and Hogan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Bloomfield, Susan A.
Swift, Sibyl N.
Metzger, Corinne E.
Baek, Kyunghwa
De Souza, Mary Jane
Lenfest, Scott
Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman
Hogan, Harry A.
Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title_full Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title_fullStr Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title_full_unstemmed Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title_short Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
title_sort exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37455901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1141906
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