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Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation

Cellular metabolism plays a critical role in determining the fate and function of cells. Metabolic reprogramming and its byproducts have a complex impact on cellular activities. In quiescent T cells, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the primary pathway for survival. However, upon antigen activa...

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Autores principales: Wu, Hengwei, Huang, He, Zhao, Yanmin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37457701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211221
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author Wu, Hengwei
Huang, He
Zhao, Yanmin
author_facet Wu, Hengwei
Huang, He
Zhao, Yanmin
author_sort Wu, Hengwei
collection PubMed
description Cellular metabolism plays a critical role in determining the fate and function of cells. Metabolic reprogramming and its byproducts have a complex impact on cellular activities. In quiescent T cells, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the primary pathway for survival. However, upon antigen activation, T cells undergo rapid metabolic reprogramming, characterized by an elevation in both glycolysis and OXPHOS. While both pathways are induced, the balance predominantly shifts towards glycolysis, enabling T cells to rapidly proliferate and enhance their functionality, representing the most distinctive signature during activation. Metabolic processes generate various small molecules resulting from enzyme-catalyzed reactions, which also modulate protein function and exert regulatory control. Notably, recent studies have revealed the direct modification of histones, known as lactylation, by lactate derived from glycolysis. This lactylation process influences gene transcription and adds a novel variable to the regulation of gene expression. Protein lactylation has been identified as an essential mechanism by which lactate exerts its diverse functions, contributing to crucial biological processes such as uterine remodeling, tumor proliferation, neural system regulation, and metabolic regulation. This review focuses on the metabolic reprogramming of T cells, explores the interplay between lactate and the immune system, highlights the impact of lactylation on cellular function, and elucidates the intersection of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics.
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spelling pubmed-103389232023-07-14 Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation Wu, Hengwei Huang, He Zhao, Yanmin Front Immunol Immunology Cellular metabolism plays a critical role in determining the fate and function of cells. Metabolic reprogramming and its byproducts have a complex impact on cellular activities. In quiescent T cells, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the primary pathway for survival. However, upon antigen activation, T cells undergo rapid metabolic reprogramming, characterized by an elevation in both glycolysis and OXPHOS. While both pathways are induced, the balance predominantly shifts towards glycolysis, enabling T cells to rapidly proliferate and enhance their functionality, representing the most distinctive signature during activation. Metabolic processes generate various small molecules resulting from enzyme-catalyzed reactions, which also modulate protein function and exert regulatory control. Notably, recent studies have revealed the direct modification of histones, known as lactylation, by lactate derived from glycolysis. This lactylation process influences gene transcription and adds a novel variable to the regulation of gene expression. Protein lactylation has been identified as an essential mechanism by which lactate exerts its diverse functions, contributing to crucial biological processes such as uterine remodeling, tumor proliferation, neural system regulation, and metabolic regulation. This review focuses on the metabolic reprogramming of T cells, explores the interplay between lactate and the immune system, highlights the impact of lactylation on cellular function, and elucidates the intersection of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10338923/ /pubmed/37457701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211221 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wu, Huang and Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Wu, Hengwei
Huang, He
Zhao, Yanmin
Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title_full Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title_fullStr Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title_full_unstemmed Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title_short Interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
title_sort interplay between metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications: from glycolysis to lactylation
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10338923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37457701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211221
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