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Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centros...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340463/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37443841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12131807 |
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author | Farcy, Sarah Hachour, Hassina Bahi-Buisson, Nadia Passemard, Sandrine |
author_facet | Farcy, Sarah Hachour, Hassina Bahi-Buisson, Nadia Passemard, Sandrine |
author_sort | Farcy, Sarah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10340463 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103404632023-07-14 Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size Farcy, Sarah Hachour, Hassina Bahi-Buisson, Nadia Passemard, Sandrine Cells Review Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins. MDPI 2023-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10340463/ /pubmed/37443841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12131807 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Farcy, Sarah Hachour, Hassina Bahi-Buisson, Nadia Passemard, Sandrine Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title | Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title_full | Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title_fullStr | Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title_short | Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size |
title_sort | genetic primary microcephalies: when centrosome dysfunction dictates brain and body size |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340463/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37443841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12131807 |
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