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Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health

Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years...

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Autores principales: Salam, Md. Abdus, Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf, Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom, Pawar, Jogendra Singh, Akhter, Naseem, Rabaan, Ali A., Alqumber, Mohammed A. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37444780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131946
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author Salam, Md. Abdus
Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf
Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom
Pawar, Jogendra Singh
Akhter, Naseem
Rabaan, Ali A.
Alqumber, Mohammed A. A.
author_facet Salam, Md. Abdus
Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf
Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom
Pawar, Jogendra Singh
Akhter, Naseem
Rabaan, Ali A.
Alqumber, Mohammed A. A.
author_sort Salam, Md. Abdus
collection PubMed
description Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human–human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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spelling pubmed-103405762023-07-14 Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health Salam, Md. Abdus Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom Pawar, Jogendra Singh Akhter, Naseem Rabaan, Ali A. Alqumber, Mohammed A. A. Healthcare (Basel) Review Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human–human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. MDPI 2023-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10340576/ /pubmed/37444780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131946 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Salam, Md. Abdus
Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf
Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom
Pawar, Jogendra Singh
Akhter, Naseem
Rabaan, Ali A.
Alqumber, Mohammed A. A.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title_full Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title_short Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health
title_sort antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37444780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131946
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