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The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis
The main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37445848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310671 |
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author | Woźniak, Agnieszka Kęsy, Jacek Glazińska, Paulina Glinkowski, Wojciech Narożna, Dorota Bocianowski, Jan Rucińska-Sobkowiak, Renata Mai, Van Chung Krzesiński, Włodzimierz Samardakiewicz, Sławomir Borowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata Labudda, Mateusz Jeandet, Philippe Morkunas, Iwona |
author_facet | Woźniak, Agnieszka Kęsy, Jacek Glazińska, Paulina Glinkowski, Wojciech Narożna, Dorota Bocianowski, Jan Rucińska-Sobkowiak, Renata Mai, Van Chung Krzesiński, Włodzimierz Samardakiewicz, Sławomir Borowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata Labudda, Mateusz Jeandet, Philippe Morkunas, Iwona |
author_sort | Woźniak, Agnieszka |
collection | PubMed |
description | The main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under the influence of various concentrations of lead—i.e., a low concentration increasing plant metabolism, causing a hormetic effect, and a high dose causing a sublethal effect—and during feeding of a phytophagous insect with a piercing-sucking mouthpart—i.e., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)). The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthesis of signaling molecules such as phytohormones—i.e., jasmonates (JA/MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). Real-time qPCR was applied to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA (lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1), lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) and jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1)), ET (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 (ACS3)) and ABA (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AO1)). In response to the abovementioned stress factors—i.e., abiotic and biotic stressors acting independently or simultaneously—the expression of the LOX1, LOX2, OPR1, JAR1, ACS3, NCED and AO1 genes at both sublethal and hormetic doses increased. Particularly high levels of the relative expression of the tested genes in pea seedlings growing at sublethal doses of lead and colonized by A. pisum compared to the control were noticeable. A hormetic dose of lead induced high expression levels of the JAR1, OPR1 and ACS3 genes, especially in leaves. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of phytohormones such as jasmonates (JA and MeJA) and aminococyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-ethylene (ET) precursor was observed. The results of this study indicate that the response of pea seedlings to lead and A. pisum aphid infestation differed greatly at both the gene expression and metabolic levels. The intensity of these defense responses depended on the organ, the metal dose and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10341517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103415172023-07-14 The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis Woźniak, Agnieszka Kęsy, Jacek Glazińska, Paulina Glinkowski, Wojciech Narożna, Dorota Bocianowski, Jan Rucińska-Sobkowiak, Renata Mai, Van Chung Krzesiński, Włodzimierz Samardakiewicz, Sławomir Borowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata Labudda, Mateusz Jeandet, Philippe Morkunas, Iwona Int J Mol Sci Article The main aim of this study was to understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones as signaling molecules in the defense mechanisms of pea seedlings during the application of abiotic and biotic stress factors. It was important to identify this regulation at the molecular level in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under the influence of various concentrations of lead—i.e., a low concentration increasing plant metabolism, causing a hormetic effect, and a high dose causing a sublethal effect—and during feeding of a phytophagous insect with a piercing-sucking mouthpart—i.e., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)). The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthesis of signaling molecules such as phytohormones—i.e., jasmonates (JA/MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). Real-time qPCR was applied to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA (lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1), lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) and jasmonic acid-amido synthetase (JAR1)), ET (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 (ACS3)) and ABA (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and aldehyde oxidase 1 (AO1)). In response to the abovementioned stress factors—i.e., abiotic and biotic stressors acting independently or simultaneously—the expression of the LOX1, LOX2, OPR1, JAR1, ACS3, NCED and AO1 genes at both sublethal and hormetic doses increased. Particularly high levels of the relative expression of the tested genes in pea seedlings growing at sublethal doses of lead and colonized by A. pisum compared to the control were noticeable. A hormetic dose of lead induced high expression levels of the JAR1, OPR1 and ACS3 genes, especially in leaves. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of phytohormones such as jasmonates (JA and MeJA) and aminococyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-ethylene (ET) precursor was observed. The results of this study indicate that the response of pea seedlings to lead and A. pisum aphid infestation differed greatly at both the gene expression and metabolic levels. The intensity of these defense responses depended on the organ, the metal dose and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ. MDPI 2023-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10341517/ /pubmed/37445848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310671 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Woźniak, Agnieszka Kęsy, Jacek Glazińska, Paulina Glinkowski, Wojciech Narożna, Dorota Bocianowski, Jan Rucińska-Sobkowiak, Renata Mai, Van Chung Krzesiński, Włodzimierz Samardakiewicz, Sławomir Borowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata Labudda, Mateusz Jeandet, Philippe Morkunas, Iwona The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title | The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title_full | The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title_short | The Influence of Lead and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on Generation of Pisum sativum Defense Signaling Molecules and Expression of Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis |
title_sort | influence of lead and acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) on generation of pisum sativum defense signaling molecules and expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37445848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310671 |
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