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Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis

Uric acid lithiasis accounts for about 10% of all types of renal lithiasis. The most common causes of uric acid lithiasis are low urinary pH, followed by high concentration of urinary uric acid, and low diuresis. Treatment of patients consists of alkalinization of urine, reducing the consumption of...

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Autores principales: Costa-Bauzá, Antonia, Calvó, Paula, Hernández, Yumaira, Grases, Fèlix
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446053
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310879
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author Costa-Bauzá, Antonia
Calvó, Paula
Hernández, Yumaira
Grases, Fèlix
author_facet Costa-Bauzá, Antonia
Calvó, Paula
Hernández, Yumaira
Grases, Fèlix
author_sort Costa-Bauzá, Antonia
collection PubMed
description Uric acid lithiasis accounts for about 10% of all types of renal lithiasis. The most common causes of uric acid lithiasis are low urinary pH, followed by high concentration of urinary uric acid, and low diuresis. Treatment of patients consists of alkalinization of urine, reducing the consumption of purine-rich foods, and administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, because there are no established therapeutic inhibitors of uric acid crystallization. We recently found that theobromine inhibited uric acid crystallization in vitro, and that the increased urinary level of theobromine following its oral consumption was associated with the prevention of uric acid crystallization. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of theobromine metabolites and other methylxanthine-related compounds on uric acid crystallization. We also measured the urinary concentrations of theobromine and its metabolites in samples from healthy individuals and patients with uric acid stones and compared the extent of uric acid supersaturation and uric acid crystal formation in these different samples. Theobromine and other methylxanthines that lacked a substituent at position 1 inhibited uric acid crystallization, but other methylxanthines did not have this effect. Individuals with clinical parameters that favored uric acid crystallization did not develop uric acid crystals when theobromine and its metabolites were in the urine at high levels. Thus, theobromine and its metabolites reduced the risk of uric acid lithiasis.
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spelling pubmed-103418262023-07-14 Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis Costa-Bauzá, Antonia Calvó, Paula Hernández, Yumaira Grases, Fèlix Int J Mol Sci Article Uric acid lithiasis accounts for about 10% of all types of renal lithiasis. The most common causes of uric acid lithiasis are low urinary pH, followed by high concentration of urinary uric acid, and low diuresis. Treatment of patients consists of alkalinization of urine, reducing the consumption of purine-rich foods, and administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, because there are no established therapeutic inhibitors of uric acid crystallization. We recently found that theobromine inhibited uric acid crystallization in vitro, and that the increased urinary level of theobromine following its oral consumption was associated with the prevention of uric acid crystallization. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of theobromine metabolites and other methylxanthine-related compounds on uric acid crystallization. We also measured the urinary concentrations of theobromine and its metabolites in samples from healthy individuals and patients with uric acid stones and compared the extent of uric acid supersaturation and uric acid crystal formation in these different samples. Theobromine and other methylxanthines that lacked a substituent at position 1 inhibited uric acid crystallization, but other methylxanthines did not have this effect. Individuals with clinical parameters that favored uric acid crystallization did not develop uric acid crystals when theobromine and its metabolites were in the urine at high levels. Thus, theobromine and its metabolites reduced the risk of uric acid lithiasis. MDPI 2023-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10341826/ /pubmed/37446053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310879 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Costa-Bauzá, Antonia
Calvó, Paula
Hernández, Yumaira
Grases, Fèlix
Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title_full Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title_fullStr Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title_short Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis
title_sort efficacy of theobromine and its metabolites in reducing the risk of uric acid lithiasis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446053
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310879
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