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Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye

Zeaxanthin and lutein are xanthophyll pigments present in the human retina and particularly concentrated in its center referred to as the yellow spot (macula lutea). The fact that zeaxanthin, including its isomer meso-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, in contrast to lute...

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Autores principales: Grudzinski, Wojciech, Luchowski, Rafal, Ostrowski, Jan, Sęk, Alicja, Mendes Pinto, Maria Manuela, Welc-Stanowska, Renata, Zubik-Duda, Monika, Teresiński, Grzegorz, Rejdak, Robert, Gruszecki, Wieslaw I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37445880
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310702
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author Grudzinski, Wojciech
Luchowski, Rafal
Ostrowski, Jan
Sęk, Alicja
Mendes Pinto, Maria Manuela
Welc-Stanowska, Renata
Zubik-Duda, Monika
Teresiński, Grzegorz
Rejdak, Robert
Gruszecki, Wieslaw I.
author_facet Grudzinski, Wojciech
Luchowski, Rafal
Ostrowski, Jan
Sęk, Alicja
Mendes Pinto, Maria Manuela
Welc-Stanowska, Renata
Zubik-Duda, Monika
Teresiński, Grzegorz
Rejdak, Robert
Gruszecki, Wieslaw I.
author_sort Grudzinski, Wojciech
collection PubMed
description Zeaxanthin and lutein are xanthophyll pigments present in the human retina and particularly concentrated in its center referred to as the yellow spot (macula lutea). The fact that zeaxanthin, including its isomer meso-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, in contrast to lutein also present in the peripheral regions, raises questions about the possible physiological significance of such a heterogeneous distribution of macular xanthophylls. Here, we attempt to address this problem using resonance Raman spectroscopy and confocal imaging, with different laser lines selected to effectively distinguish the spectral contribution of lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to solve the problem of xanthophyll localization in the axon membranes. The obtained results allow us to conclude that one of the key advantages of a particularly high concentration of zeaxanthin in the central part of the retina is the high efficiency of this pigment in the dynamic filtration of light with excessive intensity, potentially harmful for the photoreceptors.
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spelling pubmed-103421212023-07-14 Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye Grudzinski, Wojciech Luchowski, Rafal Ostrowski, Jan Sęk, Alicja Mendes Pinto, Maria Manuela Welc-Stanowska, Renata Zubik-Duda, Monika Teresiński, Grzegorz Rejdak, Robert Gruszecki, Wieslaw I. Int J Mol Sci Article Zeaxanthin and lutein are xanthophyll pigments present in the human retina and particularly concentrated in its center referred to as the yellow spot (macula lutea). The fact that zeaxanthin, including its isomer meso-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, in contrast to lutein also present in the peripheral regions, raises questions about the possible physiological significance of such a heterogeneous distribution of macular xanthophylls. Here, we attempt to address this problem using resonance Raman spectroscopy and confocal imaging, with different laser lines selected to effectively distinguish the spectral contribution of lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to solve the problem of xanthophyll localization in the axon membranes. The obtained results allow us to conclude that one of the key advantages of a particularly high concentration of zeaxanthin in the central part of the retina is the high efficiency of this pigment in the dynamic filtration of light with excessive intensity, potentially harmful for the photoreceptors. MDPI 2023-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10342121/ /pubmed/37445880 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310702 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Grudzinski, Wojciech
Luchowski, Rafal
Ostrowski, Jan
Sęk, Alicja
Mendes Pinto, Maria Manuela
Welc-Stanowska, Renata
Zubik-Duda, Monika
Teresiński, Grzegorz
Rejdak, Robert
Gruszecki, Wieslaw I.
Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title_full Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title_fullStr Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title_full_unstemmed Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title_short Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye
title_sort physiological significance of the heterogeneous distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in the retina of the human eye
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37445880
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310702
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