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Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria

Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Insp...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Li, Yan, Yu, Zhu, Jianping, Xia, Xuexue, Yuan, Ganjun, Li, Shimin, Deng, Beibei, Luo, Xinrong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343193/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134972
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author Zhang, Li
Yan, Yu
Zhu, Jianping
Xia, Xuexue
Yuan, Ganjun
Li, Shimin
Deng, Beibei
Luo, Xinrong
author_facet Zhang, Li
Yan, Yu
Zhu, Jianping
Xia, Xuexue
Yuan, Ganjun
Li, Shimin
Deng, Beibei
Luo, Xinrong
author_sort Zhang, Li
collection PubMed
description Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Inspired by the similar structural and antioxidant characters of plant flavonoids to hydro-menaquinone (MKH(2)), we deduced that the quinone pool is probably a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. To verify this, twelve plant flavonoids with six structural subtypes were preliminarily selected, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive bacteria were predicted from the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria. The results showed they have different antimicrobial activities. After their MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were determined using the broth microdilution method, nine compounds with MICs ranging from 2 to 4096 μg/mL or more than 1024 μg/mL were eventually selected, and then their MICs against S. aureus were determined interfered with different concentrations of menaquinone−4 (MK−4) and the MKs extracted from S. aureus. The results showed that the greater the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids were, the more greatly their antibacterial activities decreased along with the increase in the interfering concentrations of MK−4 (from 2 to 256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (from 4 to 512 μg/mL), while those with the MICs equal to or more than 512 μg/mL decreased a little or remained unchanged. In particular, under the interference of MK−4 (256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (512 μg/mL), the MICs of α-mangostin, a compound with the greatest inhibitory activity to S. aureus out of these twelve plant flavonoids, increased by 16 times and 8 to 16 times, respectively. Based on the above, it was proposed that the quinone pool is a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves multiple mechanisms including some enzyme and non-enzyme inhibitions.
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spelling pubmed-103431932023-07-14 Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria Zhang, Li Yan, Yu Zhu, Jianping Xia, Xuexue Yuan, Ganjun Li, Shimin Deng, Beibei Luo, Xinrong Molecules Article Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Inspired by the similar structural and antioxidant characters of plant flavonoids to hydro-menaquinone (MKH(2)), we deduced that the quinone pool is probably a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. To verify this, twelve plant flavonoids with six structural subtypes were preliminarily selected, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive bacteria were predicted from the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria. The results showed they have different antimicrobial activities. After their MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were determined using the broth microdilution method, nine compounds with MICs ranging from 2 to 4096 μg/mL or more than 1024 μg/mL were eventually selected, and then their MICs against S. aureus were determined interfered with different concentrations of menaquinone−4 (MK−4) and the MKs extracted from S. aureus. The results showed that the greater the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids were, the more greatly their antibacterial activities decreased along with the increase in the interfering concentrations of MK−4 (from 2 to 256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (from 4 to 512 μg/mL), while those with the MICs equal to or more than 512 μg/mL decreased a little or remained unchanged. In particular, under the interference of MK−4 (256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (512 μg/mL), the MICs of α-mangostin, a compound with the greatest inhibitory activity to S. aureus out of these twelve plant flavonoids, increased by 16 times and 8 to 16 times, respectively. Based on the above, it was proposed that the quinone pool is a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves multiple mechanisms including some enzyme and non-enzyme inhibitions. MDPI 2023-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10343193/ /pubmed/37446632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134972 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Li
Yan, Yu
Zhu, Jianping
Xia, Xuexue
Yuan, Ganjun
Li, Shimin
Deng, Beibei
Luo, Xinrong
Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title_full Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title_fullStr Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title_short Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria
title_sort quinone pool, a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting gram-positive bacteria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343193/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134972
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