1,2-Diphenyl-o-carborane and Its Chromium Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Structural Studies, and Biological Evaluations

The objective of this study is to design and synthesize substituted η(6)-chromium(0) tricarbonyl metal complexes carrying o-carborane units as potential boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents. In this study, 1,2-diphenyl-o-carborane (1) units were used as starting materials to generate biologically active species. We investigated how the structural changes of 1 substituted with chromium(0) tricarbonyl affect the biological properties, and 1-(Phenyl-η(6)-chromium(0) tricarbonyl)-2-phenyl-o-carborane (2) and 1,2-bis(phenyl-η(6)-chromium(0) tricarbonyl)-o-carborane (3) species were produced in moderate yields. The molecular structures of compounds 1–3 were identified and established by infrared (IR); (1)H, (11)B, and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography analyses. Crystal structures of 1,2-diphenyl-o-carborane and the corresponding chromium complexes 1, 2, and 3 were obtained. In an in vitro study using B16 and CT26 cancer cells containing the triphenyl-o-carboranyl chromium(0) complexes Ph3C2BCr2 and Ph3C2BCr3, which we reported previously, compounds 2 and 3 accumulated at higher levels than compounds Ph3C2BCr2 and Ph3C2BCr3. However, the phenylated o-carboranyl chromium complexes have been found to be more cytotoxic than p-boronophenylalanine (BPA).