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Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914 |
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author | Wang, Huan Linghu, Jiajun Wang, Xuezhi Zhao, Qiyi Shen, Hao |
author_facet | Wang, Huan Linghu, Jiajun Wang, Xuezhi Zhao, Qiyi Shen, Hao |
author_sort | Wang, Huan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal–graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of −3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10343880 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103438802023-07-14 Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures Wang, Huan Linghu, Jiajun Wang, Xuezhi Zhao, Qiyi Shen, Hao Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal–graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of −3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed. MDPI 2023-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10343880/ /pubmed/37446430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Huan Linghu, Jiajun Wang, Xuezhi Zhao, Qiyi Shen, Hao Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title | Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title_full | Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title_fullStr | Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title_full_unstemmed | Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title_short | Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures |
title_sort | angular-dependent thz modulator with hybrid metal-graphene metastructures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914 |
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