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Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures

The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Huan, Linghu, Jiajun, Wang, Xuezhi, Zhao, Qiyi, Shen, Hao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446430
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914
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author Wang, Huan
Linghu, Jiajun
Wang, Xuezhi
Zhao, Qiyi
Shen, Hao
author_facet Wang, Huan
Linghu, Jiajun
Wang, Xuezhi
Zhao, Qiyi
Shen, Hao
author_sort Wang, Huan
collection PubMed
description The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal–graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of −3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed.
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spelling pubmed-103438802023-07-14 Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures Wang, Huan Linghu, Jiajun Wang, Xuezhi Zhao, Qiyi Shen, Hao Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal–graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal–graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of −3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed. MDPI 2023-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10343880/ /pubmed/37446430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Huan
Linghu, Jiajun
Wang, Xuezhi
Zhao, Qiyi
Shen, Hao
Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title_full Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title_fullStr Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title_full_unstemmed Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title_short Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures
title_sort angular-dependent thz modulator with hybrid metal-graphene metastructures
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446430
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131914
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