Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage

The use of coal as a precursor for producing hard carbon is favored due to its abundance, low cost, and high carbon yield. To further optimize the sodium storage performance of hard carbon, the introduction of heteroatoms has been shown to be an effective approach. However, the inert structure in co...

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Autores principales: Deng, Limin, Tang, Yakun, Liu, Jingmei, Zhang, Yue, Song, Wenjun, Li, Yuandong, Liu, Lang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446582
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134921
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author Deng, Limin
Tang, Yakun
Liu, Jingmei
Zhang, Yue
Song, Wenjun
Li, Yuandong
Liu, Lang
author_facet Deng, Limin
Tang, Yakun
Liu, Jingmei
Zhang, Yue
Song, Wenjun
Li, Yuandong
Liu, Lang
author_sort Deng, Limin
collection PubMed
description The use of coal as a precursor for producing hard carbon is favored due to its abundance, low cost, and high carbon yield. To further optimize the sodium storage performance of hard carbon, the introduction of heteroatoms has been shown to be an effective approach. However, the inert structure in coal limits the development of heteroatom-doped coal-based hard carbon. Herein, coal-based P-doped hard carbon was synthesized using Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) to achieve homogeneous phosphorus doping and inhibit carbon microcrystal development during high-temperature carbonization. This involved a carbon dissolution reaction where Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) reacted with SiO(2) and carbon in coal to form phosphorus and CO. The resulting hierarchical porous structure allowed for rapid diffusion of Na(+) and resulted in a high reversible capacity of 200 mAh g(−1) when used as an anode material for Na(+) storage. Compared to unpretreated coal-based hard carbon, the P-doped hard carbon displayed a larger initial coulombic efficiency (64%) and proportion of plateau capacity (47%), whereas the unpretreated carbon only exhibited an initial coulombic efficiency of 43.1% and a proportion of plateau capacity of 29.8%. This work provides a green, scalable approach for effective microcrystalline regulation of hard carbon from low-cost and highly aromatic precursors.
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spelling pubmed-103438812023-07-14 Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage Deng, Limin Tang, Yakun Liu, Jingmei Zhang, Yue Song, Wenjun Li, Yuandong Liu, Lang Molecules Article The use of coal as a precursor for producing hard carbon is favored due to its abundance, low cost, and high carbon yield. To further optimize the sodium storage performance of hard carbon, the introduction of heteroatoms has been shown to be an effective approach. However, the inert structure in coal limits the development of heteroatom-doped coal-based hard carbon. Herein, coal-based P-doped hard carbon was synthesized using Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) to achieve homogeneous phosphorus doping and inhibit carbon microcrystal development during high-temperature carbonization. This involved a carbon dissolution reaction where Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) reacted with SiO(2) and carbon in coal to form phosphorus and CO. The resulting hierarchical porous structure allowed for rapid diffusion of Na(+) and resulted in a high reversible capacity of 200 mAh g(−1) when used as an anode material for Na(+) storage. Compared to unpretreated coal-based hard carbon, the P-doped hard carbon displayed a larger initial coulombic efficiency (64%) and proportion of plateau capacity (47%), whereas the unpretreated carbon only exhibited an initial coulombic efficiency of 43.1% and a proportion of plateau capacity of 29.8%. This work provides a green, scalable approach for effective microcrystalline regulation of hard carbon from low-cost and highly aromatic precursors. MDPI 2023-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10343881/ /pubmed/37446582 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134921 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Deng, Limin
Tang, Yakun
Liu, Jingmei
Zhang, Yue
Song, Wenjun
Li, Yuandong
Liu, Lang
Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title_full Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title_fullStr Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title_full_unstemmed Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title_short Phosphate-Induced Reaction to Prepare Coal-Based P-Doped Hard Carbon with a Hierarchical Porous Structure for Improved Sodium-Ion Storage
title_sort phosphate-induced reaction to prepare coal-based p-doped hard carbon with a hierarchical porous structure for improved sodium-ion storage
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37446582
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134921
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