Regression in Down Syndrome. Case Study of a Young Adult With Down Syndrome Who Was Referred to Brent Community Learning Disability Service With ‘Unexplained’ Changes in Behaviour

AIMS: There has been growing interest in regression among adolescents and young adults with Down Syndrome. Regression can also be referred to Acute Regression, Down Syndrome Regression Disorder (DSRD), Down Syndrome Disintegrative disorder (DSDD) or Unexplained Regression in Down Syndrome (URDS) and these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Characterised by reduction in expressive language, decreased functional skills and reduced psychomotor activity, regression can result in a significant change in the long-term needs of these individuals. Reporting this case, we wanted to highlight challenges in diagnosing, treating and supporting young people with regression in Down Syndrome. METHODS: This is Case Study of a young adult with Down Syndrome presenting with symptoms of mood disorder, apathy, new-onset vocal tics and ritualistic behaviours and profound loss of expressive language - both verbal and sign language. RESULTS: Diagnosis included ruling out physical causes for regression. The management remains largely symptomatic and aims to address as many as possible bio-psycho-social aspects of the concerning presentation. CONCLUSION: Multitude of interventions and external events made it difficult to see what intervention was the most useful. Despite initial positive response to medication and behavioural strategies, a long term prognosis remains uncertain.