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What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context
OBJECTIVE: Limitations of traditional geospatial measures, like the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), are well documented. In response, we aimed to: (1) extend existing food environment measures by inductively developing subcategories to increase the granularity of healthy v. less heal...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37073692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000733 |
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author | Ferdinands, Alexa Rae Brown, Jennifer Ann Nielsen, Charlene C Nykiforuk, Candace IJ Raine, Kim D |
author_facet | Ferdinands, Alexa Rae Brown, Jennifer Ann Nielsen, Charlene C Nykiforuk, Candace IJ Raine, Kim D |
author_sort | Ferdinands, Alexa Rae |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Limitations of traditional geospatial measures, like the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), are well documented. In response, we aimed to: (1) extend existing food environment measures by inductively developing subcategories to increase the granularity of healthy v. less healthy food retailers; (2) establish replicable coding processes and procedures; and (3) demonstrate how a food retailer codebook and database can be used in healthy public policy advocacy. DESIGN: We expanded the mRFEI measure such that ‘healthy’ food retailers included grocery stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, wholesalers, bulk food stores, produce outlets, butchers, delis, fish and seafood shops, juice/smoothie bars, and fresh and healthy quick-service retailers; and ‘less healthy’ food retailers included fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, coffee shops, dollar stores, pharmacies, bubble tea restaurants, candy stores, frozen dessert restaurants, bakeries, and food trucks. Based on 2021 government food premise licences, we used geographic information systems software to evaluate spatial accessibility of healthy and less healthy food retailers across census tracts and in proximity to schools, calculating differences between the traditional v. expanded mRFEI. SETTING: Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: N/A. RESULTS: Of the 10 828 food retailers geocoded, 26 % were included using traditional mRFEI measures, while 53 % were included using our expanded categorisation. Changes in mean mRFEI across census tracts were minimal, but the healthfulness of food environments surrounding schools significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we show how our mRFEI adaptation, and transparent reporting on its use, can promote more nuanced and comprehensive food environment assessments to better support local research, policy and practice innovations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10346037 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103460372023-08-29 What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context Ferdinands, Alexa Rae Brown, Jennifer Ann Nielsen, Charlene C Nykiforuk, Candace IJ Raine, Kim D Public Health Nutr Research Paper OBJECTIVE: Limitations of traditional geospatial measures, like the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), are well documented. In response, we aimed to: (1) extend existing food environment measures by inductively developing subcategories to increase the granularity of healthy v. less healthy food retailers; (2) establish replicable coding processes and procedures; and (3) demonstrate how a food retailer codebook and database can be used in healthy public policy advocacy. DESIGN: We expanded the mRFEI measure such that ‘healthy’ food retailers included grocery stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, wholesalers, bulk food stores, produce outlets, butchers, delis, fish and seafood shops, juice/smoothie bars, and fresh and healthy quick-service retailers; and ‘less healthy’ food retailers included fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, coffee shops, dollar stores, pharmacies, bubble tea restaurants, candy stores, frozen dessert restaurants, bakeries, and food trucks. Based on 2021 government food premise licences, we used geographic information systems software to evaluate spatial accessibility of healthy and less healthy food retailers across census tracts and in proximity to schools, calculating differences between the traditional v. expanded mRFEI. SETTING: Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: N/A. RESULTS: Of the 10 828 food retailers geocoded, 26 % were included using traditional mRFEI measures, while 53 % were included using our expanded categorisation. Changes in mean mRFEI across census tracts were minimal, but the healthfulness of food environments surrounding schools significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we show how our mRFEI adaptation, and transparent reporting on its use, can promote more nuanced and comprehensive food environment assessments to better support local research, policy and practice innovations. Cambridge University Press 2023-07 2023-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10346037/ /pubmed/37073692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000733 Text en © The Authors 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Ferdinands, Alexa Rae Brown, Jennifer Ann Nielsen, Charlene C Nykiforuk, Candace IJ Raine, Kim D What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title | What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title_full | What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title_fullStr | What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title_full_unstemmed | What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title_short | What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context |
title_sort | what counts? adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a canadian context |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346037/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37073692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000733 |
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