Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Landraces Can Be Used in a Water-Limited Environment

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a member of the Labiatae family and is one of the most widely consumed aromatic and medicinal plants in many countries due to its numerous properties and uses. The objective of the study was to determine whether landraces are better adapted to water-limited environments compared to commercial cultivars. Irrigation levels and genotypes affected plant height and leaf area index, with 25% and 33% higher values observed under complete irrigation, respectively. Additionally, limited water availability resulted in a 20% reduction in dry matter yield and a 21% reduction in essential oil yield over the three years in all of the genotypes tested, specifically in the lower irrigation treatment (d(40)), compared to the control treatment (d(100)). The landraces that performed the best under limited water supply were Athos white spike (AWS) and Gigas white spike (GWS), indicating their suitability for environments with limited water resources. The results demonstrate that there are landraces that can be utilized in dryland climates with appropriate water management, enabling water conservation and utilization of fields in water-scarce areas for irrigation purposes.