Cargando…
Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food recor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37447352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024 |
_version_ | 1785073396749434880 |
---|---|
author | Goh, Yvonne E. Manger, Mari S. Duggal, Mona Das, Reena Saklani, Shipra Agarwal, Surbhi Budhija, Deepmala Jamwal, Manu Singh, Bidhi L. Dahiya, Neha Luo, Hanqi Long, Julie M. Westcott, Jamie Krebs, Nancy F. Gibson, Rosalind S. Brown, Kenneth H. McDonald, Christine M. |
author_facet | Goh, Yvonne E. Manger, Mari S. Duggal, Mona Das, Reena Saklani, Shipra Agarwal, Surbhi Budhija, Deepmala Jamwal, Manu Singh, Bidhi L. Dahiya, Neha Luo, Hanqi Long, Julie M. Westcott, Jamie Krebs, Nancy F. Gibson, Rosalind S. Brown, Kenneth H. McDonald, Christine M. |
author_sort | Goh, Yvonne E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food records were obtained from participants to measure intake of micronutrients and discretionary salt, and to assess adequacy using Indian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Statistical modeling was used to determine optimal fortification levels to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake while limiting intake above the upper limit. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate status. In usual diets, inadequate intake of iron (46%), zinc (95%), vitamin B12 (83%), and folate (36%) was high. Mean intake of discretionary salt was 4.7 g/day. Prevalence estimates of anemia (37%), iron deficiency (67%), zinc deficiency (34%), vitamin B12 insufficiency (37%), and folate insufficiency (70%) were also high. Simulating the addition of optimized MFS to usual diets resulted in percentage point (pp) reductions in inadequate intake by 29 pp for iron, 76 pp for zinc, 81 pp for vitamin B12, and 36 pp for folate. MFS holds potential to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in this setting. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10346790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103467902023-07-15 Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention Goh, Yvonne E. Manger, Mari S. Duggal, Mona Das, Reena Saklani, Shipra Agarwal, Surbhi Budhija, Deepmala Jamwal, Manu Singh, Bidhi L. Dahiya, Neha Luo, Hanqi Long, Julie M. Westcott, Jamie Krebs, Nancy F. Gibson, Rosalind S. Brown, Kenneth H. McDonald, Christine M. Nutrients Article Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food records were obtained from participants to measure intake of micronutrients and discretionary salt, and to assess adequacy using Indian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Statistical modeling was used to determine optimal fortification levels to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake while limiting intake above the upper limit. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate status. In usual diets, inadequate intake of iron (46%), zinc (95%), vitamin B12 (83%), and folate (36%) was high. Mean intake of discretionary salt was 4.7 g/day. Prevalence estimates of anemia (37%), iron deficiency (67%), zinc deficiency (34%), vitamin B12 insufficiency (37%), and folate insufficiency (70%) were also high. Simulating the addition of optimized MFS to usual diets resulted in percentage point (pp) reductions in inadequate intake by 29 pp for iron, 76 pp for zinc, 81 pp for vitamin B12, and 36 pp for folate. MFS holds potential to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in this setting. MDPI 2023-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10346790/ /pubmed/37447352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Goh, Yvonne E. Manger, Mari S. Duggal, Mona Das, Reena Saklani, Shipra Agarwal, Surbhi Budhija, Deepmala Jamwal, Manu Singh, Bidhi L. Dahiya, Neha Luo, Hanqi Long, Julie M. Westcott, Jamie Krebs, Nancy F. Gibson, Rosalind S. Brown, Kenneth H. McDonald, Christine M. Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title | Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title_full | Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title_fullStr | Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title_full_unstemmed | Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title_short | Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention |
title_sort | women in selected communities of punjab, india have a high prevalence of iron, zinc, vitamin b12, and folate deficiencies: implications for a multiply-fortified salt intervention |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37447352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gohyvonnee womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT mangermaris womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT duggalmona womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT dasreena womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT saklanishipra womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT agarwalsurbhi womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT budhijadeepmala womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT jamwalmanu womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT singhbidhil womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT dahiyaneha womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT luohanqi womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT longjuliem womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT westcottjamie womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT krebsnancyf womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT gibsonrosalinds womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT brownkennethh womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention AT mcdonaldchristinem womeninselectedcommunitiesofpunjabindiahaveahighprevalenceofironzincvitaminb12andfolatedeficienciesimplicationsforamultiplyfortifiedsaltintervention |