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Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention

Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food recor...

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Autores principales: Goh, Yvonne E., Manger, Mari S., Duggal, Mona, Das, Reena, Saklani, Shipra, Agarwal, Surbhi, Budhija, Deepmala, Jamwal, Manu, Singh, Bidhi L., Dahiya, Neha, Luo, Hanqi, Long, Julie M., Westcott, Jamie, Krebs, Nancy F., Gibson, Rosalind S., Brown, Kenneth H., McDonald, Christine M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37447352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024
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author Goh, Yvonne E.
Manger, Mari S.
Duggal, Mona
Das, Reena
Saklani, Shipra
Agarwal, Surbhi
Budhija, Deepmala
Jamwal, Manu
Singh, Bidhi L.
Dahiya, Neha
Luo, Hanqi
Long, Julie M.
Westcott, Jamie
Krebs, Nancy F.
Gibson, Rosalind S.
Brown, Kenneth H.
McDonald, Christine M.
author_facet Goh, Yvonne E.
Manger, Mari S.
Duggal, Mona
Das, Reena
Saklani, Shipra
Agarwal, Surbhi
Budhija, Deepmala
Jamwal, Manu
Singh, Bidhi L.
Dahiya, Neha
Luo, Hanqi
Long, Julie M.
Westcott, Jamie
Krebs, Nancy F.
Gibson, Rosalind S.
Brown, Kenneth H.
McDonald, Christine M.
author_sort Goh, Yvonne E.
collection PubMed
description Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food records were obtained from participants to measure intake of micronutrients and discretionary salt, and to assess adequacy using Indian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Statistical modeling was used to determine optimal fortification levels to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake while limiting intake above the upper limit. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate status. In usual diets, inadequate intake of iron (46%), zinc (95%), vitamin B12 (83%), and folate (36%) was high. Mean intake of discretionary salt was 4.7 g/day. Prevalence estimates of anemia (37%), iron deficiency (67%), zinc deficiency (34%), vitamin B12 insufficiency (37%), and folate insufficiency (70%) were also high. Simulating the addition of optimized MFS to usual diets resulted in percentage point (pp) reductions in inadequate intake by 29 pp for iron, 76 pp for zinc, 81 pp for vitamin B12, and 36 pp for folate. MFS holds potential to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in this setting.
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spelling pubmed-103467902023-07-15 Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention Goh, Yvonne E. Manger, Mari S. Duggal, Mona Das, Reena Saklani, Shipra Agarwal, Surbhi Budhija, Deepmala Jamwal, Manu Singh, Bidhi L. Dahiya, Neha Luo, Hanqi Long, Julie M. Westcott, Jamie Krebs, Nancy F. Gibson, Rosalind S. Brown, Kenneth H. McDonald, Christine M. Nutrients Article Dietary intake and biomarkers of micronutrient status of 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) were assessed to determine optimal levels of iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid to include in multiply-fortified salt (MFS) that will be evaluated in an upcoming trial. Weighed food records were obtained from participants to measure intake of micronutrients and discretionary salt, and to assess adequacy using Indian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Statistical modeling was used to determine optimal fortification levels to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake while limiting intake above the upper limit. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate status. In usual diets, inadequate intake of iron (46%), zinc (95%), vitamin B12 (83%), and folate (36%) was high. Mean intake of discretionary salt was 4.7 g/day. Prevalence estimates of anemia (37%), iron deficiency (67%), zinc deficiency (34%), vitamin B12 insufficiency (37%), and folate insufficiency (70%) were also high. Simulating the addition of optimized MFS to usual diets resulted in percentage point (pp) reductions in inadequate intake by 29 pp for iron, 76 pp for zinc, 81 pp for vitamin B12, and 36 pp for folate. MFS holds potential to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in this setting. MDPI 2023-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10346790/ /pubmed/37447352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Goh, Yvonne E.
Manger, Mari S.
Duggal, Mona
Das, Reena
Saklani, Shipra
Agarwal, Surbhi
Budhija, Deepmala
Jamwal, Manu
Singh, Bidhi L.
Dahiya, Neha
Luo, Hanqi
Long, Julie M.
Westcott, Jamie
Krebs, Nancy F.
Gibson, Rosalind S.
Brown, Kenneth H.
McDonald, Christine M.
Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title_full Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title_fullStr Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title_full_unstemmed Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title_short Women in Selected Communities of Punjab, India Have a High Prevalence of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12, and Folate Deficiencies: Implications for a Multiply-Fortified Salt Intervention
title_sort women in selected communities of punjab, india have a high prevalence of iron, zinc, vitamin b12, and folate deficiencies: implications for a multiply-fortified salt intervention
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37447352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133024
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