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Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy
BACKGROUND: The negative impact of long COVID on social life and human health is increasingly prominent, and the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in patients recovering from COVID-19 has also been fully confirmed. However, the pathogenesis of long COVID-related inflammatory cardiomyopathy is...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346863/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37457560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1191354 |
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author | Qi, Peng Huang, Mengjie Zhu, Haiyan |
author_facet | Qi, Peng Huang, Mengjie Zhu, Haiyan |
author_sort | Qi, Peng |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The negative impact of long COVID on social life and human health is increasingly prominent, and the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in patients recovering from COVID-19 has also been fully confirmed. However, the pathogenesis of long COVID-related inflammatory cardiomyopathy is still unclear. Here, we explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Datasets that met the study requirements were identified in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by the algorithm. Then, functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the basic molecular mechanisms and biological processes associated with DEGs. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed to identify hub genes among the common DEGs. Finally, a third dataset was introduced for validation. RESULTS: Ultimately, 3,098 upregulated DEGs and 1965 downregulated DEGs were extracted from the inflammatory cardiomyopathy dataset. A total of 89 upregulated DEGs and 217 downregulated DEGs were extracted from the dataset of convalescent COVID patients. Enrichment analysis and construction of the PPI network confirmed VEGFA, FOXO1, CXCR4, and SMAD4 as upregulated hub genes and KRAS and TXN as downregulated hub genes. The separate dataset of patients with COVID-19 infection used for verification led to speculation that long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy is mainly attributable to the immune-mediated response and inflammation rather than to direct infection of cells by the virus. CONCLUSION: Screening of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets sheds new light on the pathogenesis of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy as well as potential therapeutic approaches. Further clinical studies are needed to explore these possibilities in light of the increasingly severe negative impacts of long COVID. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10346863 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103468632023-07-15 Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy Qi, Peng Huang, Mengjie Zhu, Haiyan Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine BACKGROUND: The negative impact of long COVID on social life and human health is increasingly prominent, and the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in patients recovering from COVID-19 has also been fully confirmed. However, the pathogenesis of long COVID-related inflammatory cardiomyopathy is still unclear. Here, we explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Datasets that met the study requirements were identified in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by the algorithm. Then, functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the basic molecular mechanisms and biological processes associated with DEGs. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed to identify hub genes among the common DEGs. Finally, a third dataset was introduced for validation. RESULTS: Ultimately, 3,098 upregulated DEGs and 1965 downregulated DEGs were extracted from the inflammatory cardiomyopathy dataset. A total of 89 upregulated DEGs and 217 downregulated DEGs were extracted from the dataset of convalescent COVID patients. Enrichment analysis and construction of the PPI network confirmed VEGFA, FOXO1, CXCR4, and SMAD4 as upregulated hub genes and KRAS and TXN as downregulated hub genes. The separate dataset of patients with COVID-19 infection used for verification led to speculation that long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy is mainly attributable to the immune-mediated response and inflammation rather than to direct infection of cells by the virus. CONCLUSION: Screening of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets sheds new light on the pathogenesis of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy as well as potential therapeutic approaches. Further clinical studies are needed to explore these possibilities in light of the increasingly severe negative impacts of long COVID. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10346863/ /pubmed/37457560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1191354 Text en Copyright © 2023 Qi, Huang and Zhu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Qi, Peng Huang, Mengjie Zhu, Haiyan Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title | Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title_full | Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title_fullStr | Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title_short | Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long COVID-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
title_sort | exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of long covid-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10346863/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37457560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1191354 |
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