Reinforced Bioremediation of Excessive Nitrate in Atrazine-Contaminated Soil by Biodegradable Composite Carbon Source

Bioremediation is a good alternative to dispose of the excessive nitrate (NO(3)(−)) in soil and alleviate the secondary salinization of soil, but the presence of atrazine in soil interferes with the bioremediation process. In the present study, the biodegradable composite carbon source with different dosages was added to the atrazine-contaminated soil to intensify the bioremediation of excessive NO(3)(−). The atrazine-contaminated soil with a 25 g/kg composite carbon source achieved the optimal NO(3)(−) removal performance (92.10%), which was slightly higher than that with a 5 g/kg composite carbon source (86.15%) (p > 0.05). Unfortunately, the negative effects of the former were observed, such as the distinctly higher emissions of N(2)O, CO(2) and a more powerful global warming potential (GWP). Microbial community analysis showed that the usage of the composite carbon source clearly decreased the richness and diversity of the microbial community, and greatly stimulated nitrogen metabolism and atrazine degradation (p < 0.05). To sum up, the application of a 5 g/kg composite carbon source contributed to guaranteeing bioremediation performance and reducing adverse environmental impacts at the same time.