Cargando…
The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is listed among the highly contagious diseases in animals and is endemic throughout the Asian continent. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and affects a wide variety of domesticated animals as well as wild ungulates. Clinically, the disease...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10347409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37456961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1201578 |
_version_ | 1785073543263813632 |
---|---|
author | Aslam, Munazza Alkheraije, Khalid A. |
author_facet | Aslam, Munazza Alkheraije, Khalid A. |
author_sort | Aslam, Munazza |
collection | PubMed |
description | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is listed among the highly contagious diseases in animals and is endemic throughout the Asian continent. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and affects a wide variety of domesticated animals as well as wild ungulates. Clinically, the disease is described as a vesicular lesion on the tongue, muzzle, lips, gum, dental pad, interdigital cleft, coronary band, and heel of the foot. Sometimes these lesions give rise to lameness. Mastitis is also caused due to teat lesions. A biochemical test reveals that during FMD infection, there are elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6, serum amyloid A protein, lactoferrin, mannose-binding lectin, and monocytes chemo-attractant protein-1 in the serum of infected animals. There is no specific treatment for FMD although some antivirals are given as prophylaxis and antibiotics are given to prevent secondary bacterial infection. This review presents comprehensive data on the prevalence of FMD and serotypes of FMDV that are attributable to the cause of FMD from a regional point of view. It also explains the worldwide dynamics of the seven serotypes of FMD and tries to identify epidemiological clusters of FMD in various geographical areas. Furthermore, the pathology associated with the foot and mouth disease virus along with the pathophysiology is discussed. The continent-wide prevalence and diversity patterns of FMD suggest that there is a need for stringent policies and legislation implementation regarding research and development aimed at manufacturing strain-specific vaccination, infection prevention, and control of the disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10347409 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103474092023-07-15 The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia Aslam, Munazza Alkheraije, Khalid A. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is listed among the highly contagious diseases in animals and is endemic throughout the Asian continent. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and affects a wide variety of domesticated animals as well as wild ungulates. Clinically, the disease is described as a vesicular lesion on the tongue, muzzle, lips, gum, dental pad, interdigital cleft, coronary band, and heel of the foot. Sometimes these lesions give rise to lameness. Mastitis is also caused due to teat lesions. A biochemical test reveals that during FMD infection, there are elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6, serum amyloid A protein, lactoferrin, mannose-binding lectin, and monocytes chemo-attractant protein-1 in the serum of infected animals. There is no specific treatment for FMD although some antivirals are given as prophylaxis and antibiotics are given to prevent secondary bacterial infection. This review presents comprehensive data on the prevalence of FMD and serotypes of FMDV that are attributable to the cause of FMD from a regional point of view. It also explains the worldwide dynamics of the seven serotypes of FMD and tries to identify epidemiological clusters of FMD in various geographical areas. Furthermore, the pathology associated with the foot and mouth disease virus along with the pathophysiology is discussed. The continent-wide prevalence and diversity patterns of FMD suggest that there is a need for stringent policies and legislation implementation regarding research and development aimed at manufacturing strain-specific vaccination, infection prevention, and control of the disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10347409/ /pubmed/37456961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1201578 Text en Copyright © 2023 Aslam and Alkheraije. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Aslam, Munazza Alkheraije, Khalid A. The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title | The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title_full | The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title_fullStr | The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title_short | The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia |
title_sort | prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in asia |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10347409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37456961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1201578 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT aslammunazza theprevalenceoffootandmouthdiseaseinasia AT alkheraijekhalida theprevalenceoffootandmouthdiseaseinasia AT aslammunazza prevalenceoffootandmouthdiseaseinasia AT alkheraijekhalida prevalenceoffootandmouthdiseaseinasia |