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Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Enteric fever is a systemic infection in humans caused by the Gram-negative bacilliSalmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Although the diagnosis typically involves the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovars, it is often determined based on laboratory findings and clinical ob...

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Autores principales: Etouke, Tito Aloys N, Ful Kuh, Georges, Nzesseu, Vanessa Linda, Gomseu, Boris Emmanuel D, Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu, Dzoyem, Jean Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10350245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37461754
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40498
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author Etouke, Tito Aloys N
Ful Kuh, Georges
Nzesseu, Vanessa Linda
Gomseu, Boris Emmanuel D
Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu
Dzoyem, Jean Paul
author_facet Etouke, Tito Aloys N
Ful Kuh, Georges
Nzesseu, Vanessa Linda
Gomseu, Boris Emmanuel D
Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu
Dzoyem, Jean Paul
author_sort Etouke, Tito Aloys N
collection PubMed
description Background Enteric fever is a systemic infection in humans caused by the Gram-negative bacilliSalmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Although the diagnosis typically involves the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovars, it is often determined based on laboratory findings and clinical observations. However, due to the wide variety and the non-specific character of clinical features, making a definitive diagnosis presents numerous challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the predictive hematological and biochemical parameters which would serve in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of typhoid fever cases. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to September 2021 on1076consented volunteerparticipants. Stool culture and identification tests enabled us to distinguish three groups including 423 Salmonella Typhi positive patients, 115 S. Paratyphi positive patients, and 538 Salmonella negative participants. Biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated using standard methods from commercial kits and Sysmex KX-21N automated hematology analyzer, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the validity of the hematological and biochemical characteristics for enteric fever diagnosis. Results Multiple logistic regression showed hyper creatininemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyper total proteinemia, hyper alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hyper alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hyper total bilirubinemia, hyper conjugated bilirubinemia, hyper triglyceridemia, hyper C-reactive protein (CRP), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), low platelet, low platelet crit level, high platelet distribution width (PDW) level, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1 (ESR1) level as significant biological abnormalities associated (odds ratio {OR} > 1; p < 0.05) with enteric fever infection. Similarly, hyper ESR2 was an independent predictor (OR > 1; p < 0.05) of S. Typhi infection. However, a negative and significant association (OR < 1; p < 0.05) was recorded between enteric fever infection and high mean platelet volume (MPV). Conclusion Overall the results of the biochemical and hematological profiles can serve as potential diagnostic markers for typhoid fever. These markers can also be useful in the appropriate management of those with enteric fever, preventing severity and limiting outcomes of mortality.
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spelling pubmed-103502452023-07-17 Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study Etouke, Tito Aloys N Ful Kuh, Georges Nzesseu, Vanessa Linda Gomseu, Boris Emmanuel D Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu Dzoyem, Jean Paul Cureus Pathology Background Enteric fever is a systemic infection in humans caused by the Gram-negative bacilliSalmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Although the diagnosis typically involves the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovars, it is often determined based on laboratory findings and clinical observations. However, due to the wide variety and the non-specific character of clinical features, making a definitive diagnosis presents numerous challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the predictive hematological and biochemical parameters which would serve in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of typhoid fever cases. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to September 2021 on1076consented volunteerparticipants. Stool culture and identification tests enabled us to distinguish three groups including 423 Salmonella Typhi positive patients, 115 S. Paratyphi positive patients, and 538 Salmonella negative participants. Biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated using standard methods from commercial kits and Sysmex KX-21N automated hematology analyzer, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the validity of the hematological and biochemical characteristics for enteric fever diagnosis. Results Multiple logistic regression showed hyper creatininemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyper total proteinemia, hyper alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hyper alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hyper total bilirubinemia, hyper conjugated bilirubinemia, hyper triglyceridemia, hyper C-reactive protein (CRP), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), low platelet, low platelet crit level, high platelet distribution width (PDW) level, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1 (ESR1) level as significant biological abnormalities associated (odds ratio {OR} > 1; p < 0.05) with enteric fever infection. Similarly, hyper ESR2 was an independent predictor (OR > 1; p < 0.05) of S. Typhi infection. However, a negative and significant association (OR < 1; p < 0.05) was recorded between enteric fever infection and high mean platelet volume (MPV). Conclusion Overall the results of the biochemical and hematological profiles can serve as potential diagnostic markers for typhoid fever. These markers can also be useful in the appropriate management of those with enteric fever, preventing severity and limiting outcomes of mortality. Cureus 2023-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10350245/ /pubmed/37461754 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40498 Text en Copyright © 2023, Etouke et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Pathology
Etouke, Tito Aloys N
Ful Kuh, Georges
Nzesseu, Vanessa Linda
Gomseu, Boris Emmanuel D
Tamokou, Jean-De-Dieu
Dzoyem, Jean Paul
Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Association of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters With Enteric Fever Infection at the Dschang Regional Annex Hospital, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort association of biochemical and hematological parameters with enteric fever infection at the dschang regional annex hospital, cameroon: a cross-sectional study
topic Pathology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10350245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37461754
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40498
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