From the Destruction of Two Lumbar Segments to Thoracic‐Lumbar‐Pelvic Fusion: A Case Caused by Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis and Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) with Charcot arthropathy is a rare combination in orthopaedic clinical practice. The experience dealing with such patients is limited. Here with this case of approximately 10 years follow‐up, we wish to shed light on the choices of strategies of surgeries and alerting clinicians with post‐surgery complications. The possible underlying reasons for the recurrent Charcot arthropathies as well as strategies for peri‐operative management for such surgical cases are also discussed. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient underwent a surgery to correct her severe kyphosis caused by CIPA‐related Charcot spine. Multiple post‐surgery complications occurred during her follow‐up, including hardware migration, adjacent segment disease (ASD), and loosening pedicle screws. Five revision surgeries were conducted consequently. From the limited experience on the management of CIPA‐related Charcot spine, surgical correction is still the first‐line treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the 16 cases reviewed (including our case), loosening pedicle screws, hardware migration, and ASDs are the common post‐surgery complications. Large‐scale removal of damaged vertebrae and subsequent reconstruction are not recommended, which might increase the risk of hardware migration. A 360° long‐segment fusion might be of help to reduce the risk of ASDs. In the meantime, comprehensive management including careful nursing, proper rehabilitation exercises, and treatments targeting bone mineral metabolism is also critical.