A case series in individuals with multiple sclerosis using direct current electrical stimulation to inhibit spasticity and improve functional outcomes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a high incidence of debilitating spasticity. Central Nervous System (CNS) intrafusal settings have an impact on spasticity level. Mechanoreceptors of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) communicate monosynaptically with the central nervous system (CNS). This case series assesses feasibility of multimodal treatment of individuals with MS using a direct current electrical stimulation (DC) to influence mechanoreceptors. CASE DESCRIPTION AND INTERVENTION: Seven MS diagnosed participants with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 6.0–8.0 completed 18 visits over 6 weeks of using DC combined with neuromuscular reeducation. Design included pre-, post- outcome measures of EDSS, 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12), Range of Motion (ROM), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Modified Ashworth Test (MAT), Timed 25-Foot walk (T25WT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29). OUTCOME: 125 out of a possible 126 visits were completed, demonstrating a high level of tolerance. Individual results included trends towards improvement in spasticity and agonists. DISCUSSION: This case series design of seven heterogenous subjects with MS is a low sample size for statistical analysis and should be considered a pilot. The study demonstrates a high level of feasibility and possible correlations to consider. Further research is warranted.