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Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal

[Image: see text] We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the “Equatic” (formerly known as “SeaChange”) process. This process, extensively detailed in E.C. L...

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Autores principales: La Plante, Erika Callagon, Chen, Xin, Bustillos, Steven, Bouissonnie, Arnaud, Traynor, Thomas, Jassby, David, Corsini, Lorenzo, Simonetti, Dante A., Sant, Gaurav N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2023
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37469756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.3c00004
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author La Plante, Erika Callagon
Chen, Xin
Bustillos, Steven
Bouissonnie, Arnaud
Traynor, Thomas
Jassby, David
Corsini, Lorenzo
Simonetti, Dante A.
Sant, Gaurav N.
author_facet La Plante, Erika Callagon
Chen, Xin
Bustillos, Steven
Bouissonnie, Arnaud
Traynor, Thomas
Jassby, David
Corsini, Lorenzo
Simonetti, Dante A.
Sant, Gaurav N.
author_sort La Plante, Erika Callagon
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the “Equatic” (formerly known as “SeaChange”) process. This process, extensively detailed in E.C. La Plante; ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.2021, 9, ( (3), ), 1073–1089, involves the application of an electric overpotential that splits water to form H(+) and OH(–) ions, producing acidity and alkalinity, i.e., in addition to gaseous coproducts, at the anode and cathode, respectively. The alkalinity that results, i.e., via the “continuous electrolytic pH pump” results in the instantaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)), hydrated magnesium carbonates (e.g., nesquehonite: MgCO(3)·3H(2)O, hydromagnesite: Mg(5)(CO(3))(4)(OH)(2)·4H(2)O, etc.), and/or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)(2)) depending on the CO(3)(2–) ion-activity in solution. This results in the trapping and, hence, durable and permanent (at least ∼10 000–100 000 years) immobilization of CO(2) that was originally dissolved in water, and that is additionally drawn down from the atmosphere within: (a) mineral carbonates, and/or (b) as solvated bicarbonate (HCO(3)(–)) and carbonate (CO(3)(2–)) ions (i.e., due to the absorption of atmospheric CO(2) into seawater having enhanced alkalinity). Taken together, these actions result in the net removal of ∼4.6 kg of CO(2) per m(3) of seawater catholyte processed. Geochemical simulations quantify the extents of net CO(2) removal including the dependencies on the process configuration. It is furthermore indicated that the efficiency of realkalinization of the acidic anolyte using alkaline solids depends on their acid neutralization capacity and dissolution reactivity. We also assess changes in seawater chemistry resulting from Mg(OH)(2) dissolution with emphasis on the change in seawater alkalinity and saturation state. Overall, this analysis provides direct quantifications of the ability of the Equatic process to serve as a means for technological CDR to mitigate the worst effects of accelerating climate change.
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spelling pubmed-103530022023-07-19 Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal La Plante, Erika Callagon Chen, Xin Bustillos, Steven Bouissonnie, Arnaud Traynor, Thomas Jassby, David Corsini, Lorenzo Simonetti, Dante A. Sant, Gaurav N. ACS ES T Eng [Image: see text] We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the “Equatic” (formerly known as “SeaChange”) process. This process, extensively detailed in E.C. La Plante; ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.2021, 9, ( (3), ), 1073–1089, involves the application of an electric overpotential that splits water to form H(+) and OH(–) ions, producing acidity and alkalinity, i.e., in addition to gaseous coproducts, at the anode and cathode, respectively. The alkalinity that results, i.e., via the “continuous electrolytic pH pump” results in the instantaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)), hydrated magnesium carbonates (e.g., nesquehonite: MgCO(3)·3H(2)O, hydromagnesite: Mg(5)(CO(3))(4)(OH)(2)·4H(2)O, etc.), and/or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)(2)) depending on the CO(3)(2–) ion-activity in solution. This results in the trapping and, hence, durable and permanent (at least ∼10 000–100 000 years) immobilization of CO(2) that was originally dissolved in water, and that is additionally drawn down from the atmosphere within: (a) mineral carbonates, and/or (b) as solvated bicarbonate (HCO(3)(–)) and carbonate (CO(3)(2–)) ions (i.e., due to the absorption of atmospheric CO(2) into seawater having enhanced alkalinity). Taken together, these actions result in the net removal of ∼4.6 kg of CO(2) per m(3) of seawater catholyte processed. Geochemical simulations quantify the extents of net CO(2) removal including the dependencies on the process configuration. It is furthermore indicated that the efficiency of realkalinization of the acidic anolyte using alkaline solids depends on their acid neutralization capacity and dissolution reactivity. We also assess changes in seawater chemistry resulting from Mg(OH)(2) dissolution with emphasis on the change in seawater alkalinity and saturation state. Overall, this analysis provides direct quantifications of the ability of the Equatic process to serve as a means for technological CDR to mitigate the worst effects of accelerating climate change. American Chemical Society 2023-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10353002/ /pubmed/37469756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.3c00004 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle La Plante, Erika Callagon
Chen, Xin
Bustillos, Steven
Bouissonnie, Arnaud
Traynor, Thomas
Jassby, David
Corsini, Lorenzo
Simonetti, Dante A.
Sant, Gaurav N.
Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title_full Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title_fullStr Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title_full_unstemmed Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title_short Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal
title_sort electrolytic seawater mineralization and the mass balances that demonstrate carbon dioxide removal
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37469756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.3c00004
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