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Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021)
BACKGROUND: Spain had some of Europe’s highest incidence and mortality rates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we describe the epidemiology and trends in hospitalizations, the number of critical patients, and deaths in Spain in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: We performed a descriptive, retrospe...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37464303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08454-y |
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author | Garcia-Carretero, Rafael Vazquez-Gomez, Oscar Gil-Prieto, Ruth Gil-de-Miguel, Angel |
author_facet | Garcia-Carretero, Rafael Vazquez-Gomez, Oscar Gil-Prieto, Ruth Gil-de-Miguel, Angel |
author_sort | Garcia-Carretero, Rafael |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Spain had some of Europe’s highest incidence and mortality rates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we describe the epidemiology and trends in hospitalizations, the number of critical patients, and deaths in Spain in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: We performed a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study using an administrative database, the Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospitalization, which includes 95–97% of discharge reports for patients hospitalized in Spain in 2020 and 2021. We analyzed the number of hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and deaths and their geographic distribution across regions of Spain. RESULTS: As of December 31, 2021, a total of 498,789 patients (1.04% of the entire Spanish population) had needed hospitalization. At least six waves of illness were identified. Men were more prone to hospitalization than women. The median age was 66. A total of 54,340 patients (10.9% of all hospitalizations) had been admitted to the intensive care unit. We identified 71,437 deaths (mortality rate of 14.3% among hospitalized patients). We also observed important differences among regions, with Madrid being the epicenter of hospitalizations and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed Spain’s response to COVID-19 and describe here its experiences during the pandemic in terms of hospitalizations, critical illness, and deaths. This research highlights changes over several months and waves and the importance of factors such as vaccination, the predominant variant of the virus, and public health interventions in the rise and fall of the outbreaks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10353154 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103531542023-07-19 Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) Garcia-Carretero, Rafael Vazquez-Gomez, Oscar Gil-Prieto, Ruth Gil-de-Miguel, Angel BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: Spain had some of Europe’s highest incidence and mortality rates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we describe the epidemiology and trends in hospitalizations, the number of critical patients, and deaths in Spain in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: We performed a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study using an administrative database, the Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospitalization, which includes 95–97% of discharge reports for patients hospitalized in Spain in 2020 and 2021. We analyzed the number of hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and deaths and their geographic distribution across regions of Spain. RESULTS: As of December 31, 2021, a total of 498,789 patients (1.04% of the entire Spanish population) had needed hospitalization. At least six waves of illness were identified. Men were more prone to hospitalization than women. The median age was 66. A total of 54,340 patients (10.9% of all hospitalizations) had been admitted to the intensive care unit. We identified 71,437 deaths (mortality rate of 14.3% among hospitalized patients). We also observed important differences among regions, with Madrid being the epicenter of hospitalizations and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed Spain’s response to COVID-19 and describe here its experiences during the pandemic in terms of hospitalizations, critical illness, and deaths. This research highlights changes over several months and waves and the importance of factors such as vaccination, the predominant variant of the virus, and public health interventions in the rise and fall of the outbreaks. BioMed Central 2023-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10353154/ /pubmed/37464303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08454-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Garcia-Carretero, Rafael Vazquez-Gomez, Oscar Gil-Prieto, Ruth Gil-de-Miguel, Angel Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title | Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title_full | Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title_fullStr | Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title_full_unstemmed | Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title_short | Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020–2021) |
title_sort | hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the covid-19 pandemic in spain (2020–2021) |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37464303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08454-y |
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